认知论认为隐喻是一种独特的思维方式，是从源域向目的域的映射。

Cognitive views consider metaphor a unique thinking approach or a mapping from source domain to the target domain.

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前者主要源于认知、表达及意义映射的模糊；后者则主要是出于交际策略和语境效果的需要。

The former mainly comes from the ambivalence of cognition, expression and meaning mapping, while the latter is mainly out of the need of communicative strategy and context effects.

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学习者模型记录了学习者的认知过程，映射着学习者问题空间中的假设空间和实验空间；

The learner model is responsible to record the cognitive process of a learner, and implemented by mapping the learner's hypothesis space and experiment space.

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