这个过程基于对t统计值的计算，使用概率函数求得随机大的观测值的概率。

This procedure is based upon computing a t statistic and using a probability function to find the probability of observing a value that large by chance.

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图1：正态概率分布函数，它表明实际的观测值可能会偏离期望值(或者平均值)。

Figure 1: Normal probability density function, which illustrates that actual observations may vary from the expected (or average).

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其中，对于观测向量协方差阵的谱分解估计，我们很容易得到它在一些损失下的风险函数。

Thereinto, for the spectral decomposition estimate of the covariance matrix , we can gain the risk functions under some losses.

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Ever since this was first proposed, there has never been any observations that do not coincide with the idea, that did not match the fact that the probability density is equal to the wave function squared.

从未有，任何观测，与它相抵触,从没有过，波函数的平方不等于,概率密度的情况，关于马克思，波恩。

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