这个过程基于对t统计值的计算，使用概率函数求得随机大的观测值的概率。
This procedure is based upon computing a t statistic and using a probability function to find the probability of observing a value that large by chance.
图1：正态概率分布函数，它表明实际的观测值可能会偏离期望值(或者平均值)。
Figure 1: Normal probability density function, which illustrates that actual observations may vary from the expected (or average).
其中，对于观测向量协方差阵的谱分解估计，我们很容易得到它在一些损失下的风险函数。
Thereinto, for the spectral decomposition estimate of the covariance matrix , we can gain the risk functions under some losses.
提出了一种频差估计的新算法，该算法结合观测序列的周期图和自相关函数进行频率估值。
A simple algorithm for frequency offset estimation is proposed, which estimates the frequency offset with the periodogram and the correlation function of the observation samples.
盲图像恢复就是在点扩散函数未知情况下从降质观测图像恢复出原图像。
Blind image restoration is to recover the original image form the observed degraded image with unknown the Point Spread Function (PSF).
根据中国近40年逐日降水观测资料，分析了大范围空间域上不同等级日降水量与其占有面积的函数关系。
A function relationship between the daily rainfall over a large area and its area has been researched using the observed precipitation data in China in recent 40 years.
利用物理摆原理导出了自动安平水准仪磁致误差的理论函数模型，建立了地磁场中的观测方程。
Based on the theory of horizontal pendulum, the theoretical function model of magnetic error of self adjusting level is deriveted, and observation equation in geomagnetic field is set up.
本文讨论带时滞观测线性离散系统的滤波问题，提出利用联合分布函数，得到滤波递推格式。
In this paper, the recursive filtering problem for linear discrete systems with delay observations is concerned. By using joint distribution function, we obtain the recursive form of the filter.
推导了测角后交点位方差与观测值的显函数关系式。
An explicit functional relation of the point position variance of angular resection with observation value was derived.
利用单井或多井中观测到的同一岩层的孔隙度深度数据来建立该岩层的孔隙度深度函数，或许可以得到更加理想的去压实校正结果。
A function found on the data of porosity depth or density depth from a given layer in one well or poly wells could be more reliable so that it can figure out a satisfying decompaction thickness.
颜色直方图和边缘直方图一起构建目标观测似然函数。
Color histograms and edge histograms were used to model the object observations likelihoods function.
由于增量式函数观测器的数学定义是建立在非线性受控系统的基础上，因此，观测器的应用便可扩展到非线性控制领域。
With mathematical definition of increment function observer is based on nonlinear controlled system, so application of observer can be able to extend nonlinear control field.
这是气象观测数据在使用三角函数近似的参与随机数发生器的数学仪器技术。
It is meteorological observation data approximated while using trigonometric functions with the involvement of mathematical apparatus technique of random number generator.
整个观测期内的树干直径累积生长过程可以较好地用幂函数描述。
The pattern of cumulative growth could be fitted by the power function satisfactorily.
通过引入积分型变结构切换函数及高增益误差观测器，基于李雅普·诺夫稳定性理论，证明了闭环系统是全局稳定的，输出跟踪误差都收敛到零。
By introducing integral variable structure and high gain observer, the closed-loop control systems is shown to be globally stable in terms of Lyapunov theory, with tracking error converging to zero.
证明了任何一个内算子值函数都具有正合的无限时间可控和正合的可观测的适定的系统实现。
We show that any inner operator valued function has an exact infinite time controllable and exact observable well posed realization.
模型用带扰动观测器补偿的滑模变结构控制，对控制函数切换并受滑动模态控制。
Owing to applying the model of sliding mode variable-structure control that has compensation of disturbance monitor, switching control function was controlled by sliding mode.
数字地震观测系统中地震计传递函数的测定对于观测数据在地震学中的解释和应用是非常重要的。
The accurate measurement of seismometer transfer function is important to interpret and use of seismographic observation data.
针对一类状态变量中含有时滞的线性系统，提出了函数观测器设计的一种参数方法。
A parametric approach to the design of functional observers for a class of linear systems with delays in state variables is proposed.
根据观测振幅曲线，可以求出拟合此观测值的解析函数。
A analytic function can be derived to fit the observed amplitude value curve.
讨论的问题包括线性调节器，状态估计器，状态线性函数观测器，及不完全或有噪声测量的线性二次控制。
The discussion includes linear regulator, state estimator, observer for a linear functional of state, and linear quadratic control with incomplete or noisy measurements.
从原理上探讨了地震仪观测灵敏度和传递函数的测定方法，并对32个卫星传输台站传递函数的测定结果进行了分析。
At last the methods of measuring gain and transfer function of seismograph are discussed and the results of transfer function measurement of the 32 stations are analyzed.
本文讨论为连续线性时不变多输入多输出系统设计多线性函数观测器的时域方法。
This paper discusses time-domain method of designing observers for linear functions of the state vector of the continuous, linear, time-invariant, MIMO systems.
以三维有限元模拟的应变值与三轴压缩实验观测应变数据残差平方和最小为参数反演的目标函数。
The objective function was defined as minimization between strains obtained from finite element method and ones observed from three-axial compression test in laboratory.
本文提供的算法不仅可用于设计多输出系统的最低阶多线性函数观测器，而且也可用于设计多输出系统的降阶状态观测器。
The algorithm developed in this paper can be used to design the minimal order observers for linear functions of the state vector and the reduced order state observers of multi-output systems.
对已有根据观测提出的幂函数形式风浪成长关系进行了分析。
The existing wind wave growth formulas (WWGFs) in the form of power function, which were presented on the basis of measurements, are analyzed.
本文将非线性观测值函数泰勒级数展开，并取至二次项，得到线性一二次项形式。
This paper expands the non-linear observation function in Taylor's series, takes to the quadratic term and obtains the form of the linear-quadratic term.
本文将非线性观测值函数泰勒级数展开，并取至二次项，得到线性一二次项形式。
This paper expands the non-linear observation function in Taylor's series, takes to the quadratic term and obtains the form of the linear-quadratic term.
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