应激反应的主要特征是以下丘脑—垂体—肾上腺皮质轴(HPA)的激活为核心的生理和心理反应。
The main characteristics of stress response are a series of physiological and psychological changes from activation of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
资料综合：急性应激主要通过下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴和交感神经系统引起机体免疫系统的变化。
DATA SYNTHESIS: Acute stress affected the immune system mainly by inducing the changes of organism through hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex axis and sympathetic nervous system.
结论：寒冷刺激引起的下丘脑—腺垂体—肾上腺皮质轴的功能增强是胃排空速度增快的重要原因之一。
Rate of gastric emptying were also reduced significantly. Conclusion:The enhancement of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function might be essential for the increased gastric emptying rate.
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