碘缺乏最严重的后果是脖子上出现甲状腺肿，或者是明显的残疾，比如呆小症和侏儒症。
The result in extreme cases is large goiters that swell their necks, or other obvious impairments such as dwarfism or cretinism.
“甲状腺肿大是碘缺乏的外在表现”，弗吉尼亚州亚历山大市盐业协会总裁理查德·哈尼曼说道。
"The goiter is the visible manifestation" of iodine deficiency, says Richard Hanneman, President of the Salt Institute in Alexandria, Va.
幸运的是，存在一种简单的保护方式，这就是碘化钾。它是通常添加到食盐中的一种简单的化合物，可以预防甲状腺肿大和因碘营养缺乏所致一种精神障碍。
Fortunately, an easy form of protection is potassium iodide, a simple compound typically added to table salt to prevent goiter and a form of mental retardation caused by a dietary lack of iodine.
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