新的惩罚措施旨在抑制消费者支出。
The new penalties were aimed at dampening down consumer spending.
消费者支出是夏季经济增长背后的推动力。
Consumer spending was the driving force behind the economic growth in the summer.
只有大约一半的消费者支出按20%的标准增值税税率纳税,这一比例与其他富裕国家相比较低。
Only around half of consumer spending is taxed at the standard VAT rate of 20%, a low share compared with other rich countries.
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