降级立刻增加了借贷成本，因为投资者要求额外费用以补偿更高的感知风险。
A downgrade immediately increases borrowing costs as investors demand a premium to compensate for the higher perceived risk.
对于大多数网络用户来说，网站设计者长期以来一直设立内容的重要性、快速的反应时间和下载速度、更高的转换率、更高的感知可信度、并降低用户受挫等制作网站的标准。
The importance of download speed, for most Web users, has long been established (King 2008).
形状甚至比线更加抽象，因为它们实际上只是由感知的边构成的更高层级结构而已。
Shapes are even more abstract than lines, because they're really just higher level constructs formed by perceived edges.
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