散阶指表示官员品级的称号。授予官职时同时授予的虚衔，像今天军衔。一称散官或阶官，指获有散阶的官员。明初沿元制。洪武九年（1376）定文、武官员散阶。文官自特进光禄大夫至将仕佐郎，共四十二阶；武官自特进光禄大夫至忠显校尉，共三十阶。每一品级分为初授、升授和加授。分别由吏部验封司和兵部武选司给授。宦官不从此例，洪武四年定，自中正大夫至司直郎，共十阶。钦天监监官，洪武四年设有正仪大夫至分朔大夫，共七阶。洪武十四年改从文官给授。洪武十年定，出身宦官从内官散阶给授。
研究结果表明：三阶色散所致啁啾是非线性的，存在极值，极值点在脉冲中心附近，并且与入射高斯脉冲的初始啁啾有关。
The results show that chirp is nonlinear and has extreme value near the center of the pulse and depends on the initial chirp.
为探讨三阶色散对脉冲传播的意义，用数值模拟的方法讨论了在色散缓变光纤中零色散波长附近三阶色散对脉冲频谱演变的影响。
Propagation of spectra affected by third-order dispersion in dispersion-decreasing fiber near zero dispersion wavelengths was studied by means of numerical simulation.
得到了一类二阶散度型椭圆方程很弱解的一个正则性结果。
A regularity result of a class of second order divergence form elliptic equation was obtained.
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