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而国际技术传递和扩散的最主要渠道之一就是国际贸易，即国际贸易具有技术进步效应。
The international trade and international technology transfer and diffusion as the most important one of the channels that have the technology progress of foreign trade.
以行业数据为基础的分析结果表明，外资对上海的直接技术进步效应大于外资对上海本地企业的技术溢出效应，而外资对上海本地企业的技术溢出效应大小又与外资进入的行业有关。
On the basis of sectors data, it has been found that the direct effects of FDI on Shanghai's TFP development are stronger than the effects of FDI technology spillovers on Shanghai's local enterprises.
技术进步对就业既有正效应又有负效应。
The advanced technology has both positive and negative impact on employment.
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