在吸烟者和不吸烟者双方之间，那些进食最小量生蔬菜的人的膀胱癌风险低于40%。

Among both smokers and nonsmokers, those who ate this minimal amount of raw veggies had a 40 percent lower risk.

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吸烟被认为与一半的膀胱癌形成有关，研究人员称，因此戒烟肯定可以降低吸烟者患此病的危险。

Smoking is believed to be responsible for half of bladder cancer cases, the researchers note, so quitting could substantially reduce a smoker's risk of the disease.

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对肺和食管癌的任何益处限于腺癌，它在非吸烟者中是最常见的。

Any benefit for lung and esophageal cancer was limited to adenocarcinomas, which are most commonly seen in nonsmokers.

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