关于油田开发和产量，行业内有很多种类的合同，其中最常见的合同是产量分成。

Oil development and production contracts come in many flavors. Among the most common is called production sharing.

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根据为期20年的合同中的条款，BP和CNPC有六年时间把鲁迈拉油田产量提高到每天285万桶的最低产油目标。

Under the terms of the 20-year contract, BP and CNPC have six years to increase production at Rumaila to a minimum output target of 2.85m barrels per day.

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他们指出大米期货交易量微不足道，在禁令发布时，比起全年6900万吨的小麦产量，小麦期货合同的交易量只有区区89000吨。

They point out that rice futures are lightly traded. Outstanding contracts in wheat totalled only 89,000 tonnes at the time of the ban, tiny compared with annual wheat production of 69m tonnes.

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In practice, when firms try and have these agreements, which are not contracts, to try and produce joint monopoly output, what else goes wrong?

现实中,公司想要达成这样的协议,而非合同,想要维持垄断产量,还会遇到什么问题呢

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So, for example, in around 1900 in America or a little bit earlier, let's say 1880 in America, it really isn't clear that it was illegal to write agreements to say we'll restrict quantities.

比如1900年甚至更早的美国,假如是1880年的美国吧,在当时这种限制产量的合同是否违法,在司法上没有明确的界定

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