Compared with its Arab counterparts, Turkey's secular order has deep roots, going back to the creation of a republic by Mustafa Kemal in 1923.

相比较阿拉伯兄弟国家，土耳其的世俗秩序有着深厚的根基，可以追溯到莫斯塔发•凯末尔(Mustafa Kemal)建国时的1923年。

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Then there is the awkwardness about Kemal Ataturk, founder of modern Turkey, who happened to have been brought up (as plain Mustafa Kemal) in Salonika, where his native home still stands.

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They are often seen as self-declared guardians of the legacy of the founder of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.

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Also interwoven, for historical context, is a biography of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, founder of the mono-ethnic Turkish republic which replaced the multi-ethnic Ottoman world.

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