The orientation of the spiral is determined by the genetic make-up of the snail's mother.

螺线的方向取决于蜗牛妈妈的基因组成。

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Neurotransmitters are not the only way an individual’s genetic make-up is translated into action.

神经传递素并非个人基因形式转化为行动的唯一途径。

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Their genetic make-up often changes by mistake when the cells they infect churn out new virus particles.

遭到感染的细胞会大量产生新的病毒颗粒，因此随机的繁复组合变化，常会改造病毒的基因。

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While we cannot change our genetic make-up, we can influence our genetic expression through personalized nutrition.

FORBES: Nutrigenomics: You Really Are What You Eat

Fuller Torrey et al illustrates convincingly that these types of illness are rooted in the genetic make-up.

ECONOMIST: Dead set against

He said the differences from one population to another "cannot be accounted for either by genetic make-up or environmental influences".

BBC: Cultural habits of chimps