维多利亚时代流传着一则箴言:“造物主赋予人类嘴唇以遮掩牙齿”。这暗示了在严格意义上的牙科学诞生之前,口腔的卫生状况往往非常糟糕。
"Nature gave us lips to conceal our teeth," ran one popular Victorian maxim, alluding to the fact that before the birth of proper dentistry, mouths were often in a shocking state of hygiene.
果汁中的柠檬酸会调节口腔的PH值,杀死造成口气的细菌。
The citric acid in the juice alters the pH level in your mouth, killing the bacteria that cause bad breath.
古希腊和罗马的文学详述了牙签的使用,它被用来保持口腔的清洁。
Ancient Greek and Roman literature discusses the use of toothpicks, which were used to keep the mouth clean.
They're trying to achieve satisfaction through their mouth of a sort they didn't get in this very early stage of development.
他们想通过这种口腔运动,来获得本该在口腔期获得的满足感。
According to Freud, the-- it's not a fixation in the stage, in the same sense as an oral or anal stage, but yes.
根据弗洛伊德的理论-,这并不是发生在某个阶段的固着,像是发生在口腔期和肛门期阶段那样,不过,你是对的。
A phrase even more popular is the anal stage and that happens after the oral stage.
更为人所熟知的一个阶段则是肛门期,它出现在口腔期之后。
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