Animal models of these diseases are proving useful to understand how dysfunction of affected genes and proteins contributes to disease pathology.

这些疾病的动物模型，有助于理解如何受影响的基因和蛋白质功能障碍疾病的病理。

youdao

It is characterized by sinoatrial node dysfunction and often includes atrioventricular node disease and bundle branch block.

它的特征是窦房结功能障碍并常伴有房室结疾病和束支传导阻滞。

youdao

This brings us back to the idea that repeated partial sleep restriction in humans has been linked to metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular disease.

这使我们想起长期偏爱熬夜的人常会发生代谢紊乱和心血管疾病。

youdao

Yet Venter dreams of a day, a decade or more away, when doctors will routinely and rapidly churn out the individual maps of thousands of patients, spotting the genetic typos that will cause an array of dysfunction and disease.

FORBES: Speed Reader

"This is very useful for the understanding of the mechanisms through which smoking induces arterial dysfunction and subsequent cardiovascular disease and hopeful for the discovery of substances capable of reversing smokes harmful effects, " they said.

BBC: Glass of red wine

Parathyroid disease causes high or low calcium levels and is associated with cramping, as is thyroid dysfunction.

CNN: What causes leg cramps?