The paper performs meso analysis of disturbed state concept theory(DSC) which based on hardening model.

对基于硬化模型建立的扰动状态理论（DSC）做细观分析。

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Albert Einstein predicted this in 1905, when he introduced the concept of relative time as part of his special theory of relativity.

阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦在1905年预测到了这一点，当时他在狭义相对论中引入了相对时间的概念。

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The concept of square-free coloring was introduced in graph theory by Alon in 2002.

无正方形着色的概念由阿龙在2002年引入图论。

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"When Darwin first proposed his theory in eighteen fifty-nine, he had no concept of a gene, no concept of a chromosome, no concept of mutation, and certainly no concept of things like DNA and RNA."

VOA: special.2009.12.01

Another important concept in probability theory that we will use a lot is expected value, the mean, or average-- those are all roughly interchangeable concepts.

概率论中另外一个常用的重要的概念是,期望值或者也叫均值,这两个概念可以互换

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But, in terms of the basic theory, that's the core concept.

但在基本原理上来说,它是核心概念

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

"I think the concept and the theory of doing that kind of work is still a good one, " says Hess.

FORBES: As a businessman, he's been mixing with a sketchier crowd.

Alpha has always been a slippery concept: in theory there should not be much of it about and academics have struggled to find evidence that the industry consistently realises it for clients.

ECONOMIST: Hedge funds in trouble

The academic concept of efficient market theory that prices already reflect all available information has led to the creation of index-tracking funds that allow investors to own a diversified portfolio at very low cost.

ECONOMIST: Investment management