The system with unknown input is translated into an equivalent system without unknown input by a simple algebraic transformation.

通过一个简单有效的代数变换，将具有未知输入的系统变换成一个不含未知输入的等价系统；

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In the previous research on torsional. vibration of diesel engine shafting system, an equivalent system must be defined before calculating free vibration and forced vibration.

对柴油机轴系扭振的研究，以往是先建立扭振当量系统，然后进行自由振动与强制振动计算。

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First introduce the working principle of the inchworm in-pipe robot based on unilateral movement mechanism, and then an equivalent system model is founded after simplifying the whole robot system.

介绍了基于单向运动机构的伸缩式管道机器人工作原理，对管道机器人整机系统进行合理简化，得到等效系统模型。

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But why does Europe need its own "sat nav" system when the rest of the world uses GPS or an equivalent Russian or planned Chinese system?

BBC: NEWS | UK | UK Politics | Galileo: Star project or black hole?

When Palm announced today that its new smartphone would run an operating system from Microsoft, it was the equivalent of Coca-Cola agreeing to fill its bottles with Pepsi.

FORBES

The general idea among most economists is that gold would be a step backward for our modern monetary system the equivalent of trading in an automobile for a horse and buggy.

FORBES: Give The Gold Standard Its Due