引入细菌遗传学技术是必不可少的，这方面的一些知识将在有关章节讨论。
The introduction of the techniques of bacterial genetics was essential, and some of the aspects of this will be discussed in Chapter 7.
与之相比，科学家们通过全基因组移植可以使细菌dna发生更有意义的遗传学改变，或可以从头开始设计人工生物体。
In contrast, whole genome transplantation might allow scientists to make more significant genetic changes to bacterial DNA or design artificial organisms from scratch.
细菌融合看来是微生物遗传学研究的一个较大的进展。
Bacteria fusion promises to be a major advance in research involving microbial genetics.
该领域的课程包括细菌和病毒的分子遗传学、人类遗传学、动植物杂交培育和其他相关。
Classes in this field explore the molecular genetics of bacteria and viruses, human heredity, plant and animal hybridization, and related topics.
如由噬菌体介导的细菌毒力基因的转移、细菌耐药基因的传递等导致了病原菌基因表型的多态性，这在医学与遗传学中是一个日益严峻的重要问题。
For example, transfer of virulence gene and transmission of drug-resistant gene mediated by a phage results in gene polymorphism of bacteria, which is an important problem in medicine and genetics.
如由噬菌体介导的细菌毒力基因的转移、细菌耐药基因的传递等导致了病原菌基因表型的多态性，这在医学与遗传学中是一个日益严峻的重要问题。
For example, transfer of virulence gene and transmission of drug-resistant gene mediated by a phage results in gene polymorphism of bacteria, which is an important problem in medicine and genetics.
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