即使名义利率维持不变，实际利率降低或变为负数。
名义利率：通常公布的，未根据通货膨胀的影响校正的利率。
Real interest rate is the interest rate corrected for the effects of inflation.
在其他条件(比如相关真实利率)保持不变情况下，名义利率在高通胀国应更高。
Other things being equal (such as roughly similar real interestrates across countries) nominal interest rates should be higher incountries with higher inflation rates.
一旦名义利率降为零，美联储就毫无办法将经济带回到充分就业。当时我对这个说法感到困惑。
He argued that the Fed was basically powerless to return the economy to full employment once rates hit zero, which confused me at the time.
但正是汇率、名义利率等金融因素的引入使名义冲击的动态调整更为丰富、更贴近现实。
But though introducing these financial factors, we will find a more complicated and rich dynamics.
而且，托1982年以来的长期低通胀的福，这个理论好像在发挥作用：债券名义利率陡降股价稳步上升。
And it seemed to work, thanks to the long period of disinflation from 1982 onwards, which saw nominal bond yields fall sharply and share prices rise substantially.
美联储敏锐地意识到：一旦经济改善和短期名义利率不再为零，最重要的问题是涉及避免通货膨胀的退出策略。
The most important issue, of which the Fed is keenly aware, involves the exit strategy for avoiding inflation once the economy has improved and short-term nominal interest rates are no longer zero.
如果考虑经济增长和货币化过程，铸币税的税率等于经济增长贡献率、货币化速度、和名义利率的加总。
If the economic growth and monetization were included in our model the tax rate of seigniorage would be the sum of the contribution rate of growth, the rate of monetization and the nominal rate.
但很明显，一旦名义利率下降到零美联储会受约束，因此经济恢复到趋趋向增长率，但不会在金融冲击下恢复所受损失。
But obviously the Fed is constrained once nominal rates hit zero, and so the economy returns to its trend growth rate but never recovers the ground lost during the financial shock.
一个溢价债券将有一个比较，它的票面利率和折扣债券将有较高的产量比目前的名义利率较低的当前收益率。
A premium bond will have a lower current yield compared to it's coupon rate and a discount bond will have a higher current yield than it's nominal rate.
因此为了保持较高的联邦基金利率，美联储自11月6日来一直以1%的名义利率来支付剩余存款准备金的利息。
So to keep the fed funds rate up, it has, since November 6th, been paying interest on excess reserves at the full target rate of 1%.
多数的经济学家认为,中性利率,即既不刺激也不抑制欧元区需求的利率水平,应该在3%以上(指名义利率).
Most economists think that the “neutral” rate of interest, which would neither stimulate nor restrain demand in the euro area, is now more than 3% (in nominal terms).
这意味着，巴西借款人正在支付约20% - 25%的“实际”利率，而大多数国家的名义利率仅有1% - 3%。
This means that the Brazilian borrower base is paying "real" interest of circa 20-25 per cent against a norm of 1-3 per cent in most countries.
由于实际计算利息的次数与名义利率对应的计息次数不一致，银行存（贷）款的实际利率与银行公布的名义利率存在差异。
Because the given period isn't campatibile, the real interest rate of bank deposits or loans isn't in accord with the nominal interest rate announced by bank.
从表面上看，这与2003年至2004年的情况相似：上一轮房地产、信贷、大宗商品和股市泡沫就是在那时开始膨胀，主要受低名义利率和低通胀的推动。
On the surface, this looks like 2003 and 2004 when the previous housing, credit, commodity and equity bubbles started to inflate, helped by low nominal interest rates and a lack of inflation.
从表面上看，这与2003年至2004年的情况相似：上一轮房地产、信贷、大宗商品和股市泡沫就是在那时开始膨胀，主要受低名义利率和低通胀的推动。
On the surface, this looks like 2003 and 2004 when the previous housing, credit, commodity and equity bubbles started to inflate, helped by low nominal interest rates and a lack of inflation.
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