它包括共同海损牺牲和共同海损费用。
It includes a general average expenditure as well as a general average sacrifice.
旅客的行李和私人物品，不分摊共同海损。
Passenger's luggage and personal belongings shall not be included in the value for contribution.
海损有两种：一种是共同海损，另一种是单独海损。
Average is of two kinds: General Average and Particular Average.
当然，如果发生拟制共同海损，这种理由就不适用了。
Of course, if they made up a general average, this pretext would be no longer available.
除数字规则已有规定者外，共同海损应按字母规则理算。
Except as provided by the numbered rules general average shall be adjusted according to the lettered rules.
除数字规则已有规定者外，共同海损应按字母规则理算。
Except as provided by the numbered Rules, general average shall be adjusted according to the lettered Rules.
旅客行李和个人物品，除特殊情况外，不参加共同海损分摊。
Passengers' luggage and personal effects shall not contribute to general average except under extraordinary circumstances.
也就是说，针对共同海损，救助和救助费用是不扣减免赔的。
General average, salvage and salvage charges payable in full irrespective of insured value.
非根据提单装运的旅客行李和个人物品，不参加共同海损分摊。
Passengers' luggage and personal effects not shipped under bill of lading shall not contribute in general average.
可作为共同海损的临时修理费用，不应作'以新换旧'的扣减。
No deductions 'new for old' shall be made from the cost of temporary repairs allowable as general average.
海事法院受理未经理算的共同海损纠纷，可以委托理算机构理算。
When entertaining a dispute arising from general average that has not been adjusted, the maritime court may commission an adjustment institution to have it adjusted.
海事法院受理未经理算的共同海损纠纷，可以委托理算机构理算。
In dealing with an unadjusted average dispute, the maritime court may entrust average adjusters with the adjustment.
海上风险是共同海损产生、存在的原因，船货双方免责是它的基础。
Perils at sea are the root of cause of general average, the responsibility immunity for both the ship and the cargo parties concerned in a casualty being its foundation.
只有属于共同海损行为直接后果的损失或费用，才应作为共同海损。
Only such losses, damages or expenses which are the direct consequence of the general average act shall be allowed as general average.
邮件、旅客行李、私人物品和随带的机动车辆，不参加共同海损分摊。
Mails, passengers' luggage, personal effects and accompanied private motor vehicles shall not contribute in general average.
共同海损包含为保护其余货物和运输工具而造成的货物损失或遗失。
General Average covers the situation where damage or loss of certain goods occurs so that the remaining cargo and the means of transport are saved.
实际上，在海上保险出现之前，共同海损曾经是一个非常有用的概念。
In fact, before Marine insurance came into being, general average was once a very useful idea.
假如，共同海损的原则不复存在的话，或许他就不能采取那样的行为。
If the principle of general average does not exist any more, a captain might not carry out the above-mentioned measures.
货物在抵达目的港以前售出的，按照出售净得金额，加上共同海损牺牲的金额计算。
Where the goods had been sold before its arrival at the port of destination, its value for contribution shall be the net proceeds plus the amount of general average sacrifice.
共同海损损失和分摊的理算，应以航程终止的时间和地点的价值为基础。
General average shall be adjusted as regards both loss and contribution upon the basis of values at the time and place when and where the adventure ends.
书中涉及了货物运输、拖航、船舶租赁、海洋污染和保险，包括共同海损。
Addresses the carriage of goods, towage, charter parties, Marine pollution, and Marine insurance, including general average.
被抛弃的货物，除非按照公认的海运习惯运送，不得作为共同海损受到补偿。
No jettison of cargo shall be allowed as general average, unless such cargo is carried in accordance with the recognised custom of the trade.
被抛弃的货物，除按照公认的海运习惯运送者外，不得作为共同海损受到补偿。
No jettison of cargo shall be made good as general average, unless such cargo is carried in accordance with the recognised custom of the trade.
共同海损制度是海商法上的一种古老而特有的制度，它是一种同舟共济的救济手段。
General average system is an ancient and special mechanism of sharing the risk of ocean transport in admiralty and maritime law.
货物或者谎报的货物，应当参加共同海损分摊；其遭受的特殊牺牲，不得列入共同海损。
Article200 goods undeclared or wrongfully declared shall be liable for the contribution to general average, but the special sacrifice sustained by such goods shall not be allowed as general average.
第二百六十三条有关共同海损分摊的请求权，时效期间为一年，自理算结束之日起计算。
Article 263 the limitation period for claims with regard to contribution in general average is one year, counting from the day on which the adjustment was finished.
以提供保证金方式进行共同海损担保的，保证金应当交由海损理算师以保管人名义存入银行。
Where the security has been provided in the form of cash deposits, such deposits shall be put in a bank by an average adjuster in the name of a trustee.
船舶无论是否势必搁浅，如果为了共同安全有意搁浅，因此所造成的损失应认作共同海损。
When a ship is intentionally run on shore for the common safety, whether or not she might have been driven on shore, the consequent loss or damage shall be allowed in general average.
为了防止或减轻环境损害采取措施的费用， 如果是在下列情况下产生的，应认作共同海损；
The cost of measures undertaken to prevent or minimise damage to the environment shall be allowed in general average when incurred in any or all of the following circumstances.
为了防止或减轻环境损害采取措施的费用， 如果是在下列情况下产生的，应认作共同海损；
The cost of measures undertaken to prevent or minimise damage to the environment shall be allowed in general average when incurred in any or all of the following circumstances.
应用推荐