So, not just a spectrum of viruses, but there's viruses and bacteria and parasites and other microorganisms that can cause disease.

所以,不是只有病毒,还有病毒,细菌,寄生虫,和其它各种微生物都能导致疾病

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The study of immunology is the study of mechanisms that your body uses to protect itself from mainly from foreign pathogens like viruses and bacteria.

免疫学研究身体,采用何种机制来保护自身,免受外源病原体如病毒和细菌的伤害

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So look, why am I justified in believing in germs, various kinds of viruses that I can't see, or bacteria or what have you, that I can't see?

所以,我为什么相信微生物,相信各种肉眼无法看到的病毒,细菌等诸如此类我看不到的东西确实存在

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

We'll learn more about that in a moment, but basically it allows the immune system to distinguish between viral and bacterial pathogens, and respond appropriately depending on the type of pathogen that's there.

我们一会儿会学到不少,但基本上说,这样一来免疫系统,就能够分辨出病毒和细菌病原体,并对相应的病原体类型,产生合适的免疫反应

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选