Whereas under these conditions, these quantities, if you look at free energy change, for example at constant temperature and pressure, H you can still calculate H.

但是，在这些条件下，这些物理量，如果我们考察自由能的变化,例如在恒定的温度和压强下，我们仍然可以计算。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

And I didn't specify the conditions, but if we were to do this under ordinary chemical conditions of some, you'd say room temperature and pressure, right, they all happen spontaneously.

我并没有特别说明反应条件，但是如果我们在通常的化学条件下,实现这些化学反应，比如在室温和大气压下下，他们都是自发的。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

The question is, "If you're naturally exposed to antigen wouldn't this happen anyway?"

她的问题是,在自然条件下,如果接触某种抗原,那么就是否就不发生二次免疫

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It would still be interesting if it was true, even given those restrictions.

如果是真的也有趣，即使在这些限制条件下。

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How many moles of gas are there in each case, in reactants and products? If that changes, of course you know that the pressure in there is going to change at constant volume if the amount of gas in there is changing.

在反应物和生成物中，各有多少摩尔的气体？,如果它发生了变化,当然在等体条件下，如果气体的总量,发生了变化，压强也会发生变化。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

What is it when you run a chemical reaction under ordinary circumstances, what's constant?

如果你在通常的环境下进行化学实验,那么这些条件是什么？什么保持常数？

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Could be done, but easier is to just do the whole thing at constant volume, right, and just run the reaction that way and redo the calculation to be a constant volume rather than constant pressure calorimeter, right.

可以进行测量,但是如果在体积恒定的条件下,做这些会容易得多,还是这样进行反应,但是在等体而不是恒压条件下重新计算。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

If there were just-- if you were trying to create a positive reaction of antigens and it showed up naturally wouldn't it create this reaction anyway in terms of your body would create antibodies like the secondary response volume to antibodies?

如果这里仅有,如果在自然条件下,尝试建立抗原的阳性反应,抗体这是否会像这样反应,以你身体为例,你的身体是否会产生,同二次免疫一样的抗体浓度

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

I'm going to call it r. It's going to be the gas constant, and now I have r times t is equal to the limit, p goes to zero of p r.

如果去掉p趋于0的条件,在有限压强下都,保持RT=pV的关系。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

The native structure is this double stranded structure here and if I heat it up slightly and I add some base, so under slightly basic conditions, these molecules will fall apart because you've created conditions where the hydrogen bonding is no longer favorable so they peel apart.

原始结构,在这里就是指DNA双链,如果我稍微加热,并且加入一些碱,在弱碱性的条件下,这些配对碱基会分开,这是因为在一定条件下,碱基对之间的氢键,不再稳定并且会断裂分开

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选