When people study stereotypes they often make certain distinctions between three levels of stereotypes and this is nicely summarized here.
当人们研究刻板印象时,他们通常会区分,三个层次的刻板印象,这里已经清楚地总结起来了。
which totally goes against the stereotype of like "New Yorkers are mean, they are all like rude and everything."
和那种“纽约人很刻薄,都很没礼貌。”的刻板印象截然不同,
Their answers are often correct and often possessing stereotypes lets us make reasonable and correct generalizations about the world.
他们的答案通常是正确的,通常刻板印象能让我们合理地,正确地归纳世界。
It's Dickens in part, that stereotype of old London, of the urban working class, but it's not just Dickens. Moby Dick is here too.
其中有狄更斯出现,有对于伦敦及当地工人阶级的,刻板印象,不仅仅是狄更斯的影子,还有《白鲸记》
This is a false stereotype.
这是一种错误的刻板印象。
Here is another one. This is also public stereotypes of blacks, proportion of white respondents endorsing each trait.
这一个也是对于黑人的公众刻板印象,认为黑人具有这样特征的白人的比例。
And it is a stereotype but it's a statistically robust one and nobody lines up to protest this.
这确实是刻板印象,但这是有数据支持的,而且没有人会排队去抗议它。
This could be a vegetarian dog, a poison apple, an explosive chair, but they're typically true.
这可能是吃素的狗,有毒的苹果,会爆炸的椅子,但这种刻板印象通常都是对的。
They have their stereotypes that guide their answers, and the answers are not arbitrary or random.
他们的答案受到刻板印象的影响,但这些答案都不是主观臆断或随便乱答的。
More importantly, we collect stereotypes about groups of people through much the same way we collect stereotypes about categories like chairs and apples and dogs.
更重要的是,我们形成对群体的刻板印象,和我们形成对类别的刻板印象,如椅子,苹果和狗,两者几乎一样。
Now, this is not essentially a bad thing for a couple of reasons.
这些刻板印象并不都是坏事,这当中有几个原因。
So-- oh, and this is actually an example of this at work.
所以…,这正是说明刻板印象消极作用的例子。
I think it's a true stereotype but it's a stereotype nonetheless.
这是正确的,但它还是刻板印象。
If the stereotype is "your group doesn't do good in this," if I remind you that you're a member of that group immediately before doing it, your performance will drop.
如果刻板印象是“你的群体数学不好”,如果我在考前说,你是这个群体的,你的表现就会下降。
Now, "stereotypes" in English often just is a bad word.
英语中”刻板印象“这个词,通常都是一个贬义词。
Psychologists tend to use the term in a broader sense.
心理学上的刻板印象定义更广泛。
So, stereotypes are complicated and morally fraught things.
所以刻板印象是复杂的,会引起道德问题。
Stereotypes have all sorts of effects.
刻板印象会产生各种各样的作用。
You might have positive stereotypes.
你的刻板印象可以是积极的。
moral problems over stereotypes.
刻板印象还能产生道德问题。
Then there is private.
第二层就是私下刻板印象。
You might have a particularly positive stereotype about your own group even if your own group is Yale students or your own group is people from France or your own group is people from such and so college.
你可能对自己的群体,有积极的刻板印象,不管你的群体是指耶鲁的学生,还是来自法国的人,或者你的群体是某某大学的学生。
There's "public."
第一层次是”公众刻板印象“
Now, it gets complicated because there are some cases where we do allow stereotypes to play a role.
但实际情况没有这么简单,因为有时候我们确实允许,把刻板印象应用到生活中。
The fact that white Americans favor white Americans over black Americans might be because of stereotypes but they also might be of in-group favoritism.
白人喜欢,白人,而不是黑人,可能是因为刻板印象,也可能是由于组内偏爱的心理。
I think the answer is that both play a role but some of the effects are due to stereotypes above and beyond in-group favoritism.
我想两者都有,但刻板印象的影响,要高于组内偏爱。
It does show that people possess these stereotypes that make a difference in their real-world behavior.
但它表明人们的这些刻板印象,会影响他们在现实生活中的行为。
To have a stereotype is to be-- is to have something wrong with you.
说你有刻板印象-,就是说你有问题。
You have no explicit racist attitudes, honestly you really don't, but the argument is that these stereotypes can affect your behavior in all sorts of subtle ways.
你没有表达过任何种族主义态度,说实话,你真的没有,但我们认为这些刻板印象,能通过各种不显著的途径来影响你的行为。
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