-
Right, if nobody stands, each and every possible candidate would do better individually, so any particular voter would do better standing.
没错,如果没人参选,每个可能的候选人单独都能做得更好,任一个特定选民都能通过参选而做得更好
-
When they have strong recommendations in 1989 you're willing to hire everybody, and this is not a difference at all.
在1989年，当候选人的推荐信一样好时9,你雇用谁的几率都是一样的，他们的雇用率是几乎没有差别的。
-
Here's a candidate--here's an outcome with two entrants in it, an extreme right-wing guy and an extreme left-wing guy.
这是个候选人,有两个加入者,一个极端左派的人和一个极端右派的人
-
People tend to assume that the candidate that they believe in will win.
人们倾向于认为,他们支持的候选人会胜出
-
Provided there's only one best competitor, not two equally good candidates.
前提是只有一个最佳竞争者，而不是两个同样优秀的候选人。
-
I think this is President Obama's understanding, also at least as far as I understand from the speeches that he gave when he was a candidate is that we understand the importance of maintaining the integrity of faith communities, they could hire who they want to hire using the wrong resources.
我认为这是总统奥巴马的理解，也至少是我目前,从他作为候选人时所做的演讲中理解的,是我们理解,保持信仰团体完整的重要性，他们可以雇佣任何想要雇佣的人,利用错误的资源。
-
Yeah, because he just changed the situations dramatically And you could say that Bush continued, etc. But Reagan... Which candidate would do the most to stimulate growth in the years to come, Barack Obama, Hillary Clinton ? or John McCain?
当然，里根对经济的推动多大啊,布什只是邯郸学步，哪比得上里根。,以下哪位候选人将会,在近几年，最能推动刺激经济增长，巴拉克·奥巴马，希拉里·克林顿,还是约翰·麦凯恩？
-
That's why all these arguments that we all get into these days about third-party political candidates what do we really need in our political culture, what would break apart the stagnation of our two-party system, if that's what people want or put more directly, will Michael Bloomberg run or not?
这就是我们今天为何面对这些争论,关于第三方党派的候选人,也就是我们的政治文化中究竟需要什么,什么能打破我们两党制停滞不前的现状呢,如果这是人民所愿,或者更直接的说,迈克尔.布隆伯格的做法行得通吗
-
And you're listening to interviews with possible contestants from Yale " who are going to be on "College Bowl."
你们听着采访录音带,被采访者是耶鲁的参赛候选人,代表耶鲁参加“学院杯“
-
We're also going to assume, just as we did last time, that voters are going to vote for the closest candidate.
我们还要假设,像上次一样,选民会选择离他最近的候选人
-
After all that looks a lot like the Downs-Hoteling model, we've got two candidates exactly at the middle, is that an equilibrium?
毕竟那看起来很像当斯-霍特林模型,我们有两个绝对在中间的候选人,那是个均衡吗
-
And in some cases these people have strong recommendations.
如果候选人的推荐信都一样好时。
-
The second assumption we're going to make which is new is that we're going to assume that candidates cannot choose their position.
我们给出的第二个假设,这个新的假设是,候选人不能选择他们的位置
-
The voters, or candidates, whatever you want to call them, depending on where they stand, in this game they're going to be you.
选民或候选人,随便你们想怎么叫,基于他们的选择,在这个博弈中他们是你们
-
We're going to imagine that there are two candidates, and what these candidates are doing is they're choosing their political positions for an election.
假设有两个候选人,而这两个候选人,为了选举必须确定自己的政治立场
-
So voters vote for the closest candidate: the candidate whose position is closest to their own.
选民会投给最近的候选人,就是最接近自己的的候选人
-
Let's go back to the model, add in an extra candidate, and see what happens.
我们回到最初的模型,然后加入第三个候选人,看看结果会怎么样
-
It means that choosing position 2 always gives me a higher share of the vote than choosing position 1, no matter where the other candidate positions herself.
意味着选择立场2,会比选择立场1,获得更多的选票,无论另一个候选人如何选择
-
So it's quite difficult in the real world for candidates to position themselves.
所以在现实生活中候选人,选择位置是很难的
-
So the number of candidates in this model is going to be endogenous.
所以这个模型中的候选人数目,将是内在增长的
-
Or today, if you look at both primaries going on now, you're seeing various candidates on both the Republican side and the Democratic side, seek to position themselves.
再或者说现今的党内初选时,你会发现不同风格的候选人,无论他们是民主党的还是共和党,都在寻找适合自己的政治立场
-
so given that we chose an odd number of people in the row, if exactly one candidate stands and that candidate is the center candidate, then that's an equilibrium.
假若我们选中行的人数为奇数,如果确实只有一个候选人参选且,那个候选人就是在中间,则那是个均衡
-
American voters often vote based on character rather than position.
美国选民经常根据候选人的性格,而非政治立场来投票
-
assuming I counted right, suppose that the following candidates enter.
假设我数对了,假设以下候选人参选
-
is there a Nash Equilibrium in which no candidates stand?
在没有候选人的时候是纳什均衡吗
-
So suppose the other candidate has chosen position 1.
假设另一个候选人选择立场1
-
So the other candidate has chosen position 1.
另一个候选人选择立场1
-
It says there is an equilibrium with only one candidate standing and that candidate would be the median candidate, just like it was in the model we saw on your homework assignment and also in class.
它是指一个候选人参选时只有一个均衡,且那个候选人是中间的候选人,就像在你们的家庭作业,和课堂上见到的模型一样
-
They're also the potential candidates.
他们同样是潜在候选人
-
A candidate could say during an election that "I'm a moderate candidate, I'm at position 5" but you might not believe him or her.
一个候选人在整个大选中可能说,我是个中立的候选人,我的立场是5,但你不一定就相信他/她的说法
应用推荐