Next time, I will take up the story of the expansion of the world of the polis, which takes the form of colonization.

下一次课,我们从城邦的扩张说起,这也是之后殖民统治的雏形

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

The great learned journals are in their early phase.

重要的报刊也初现雏形。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

I guess they didn't have our language, they didn't-- they were intuitively halfway there but they couldn't express it, so I think the industry didn't get really started.

我猜当时并没有专业的词汇,他们未能...,他们有想法,却无法表述,所以我认为那只是保险业的雏形

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

This is really the origin of formalism.

这才是形式主义的雏形。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

So, it was in the 1600s that probability theory started to get written down as a theory and many things then happened in that century that, I think, are precursors both to finance and insurance.

所以直到十七世纪,概率论,才被记录下来,形成理论,并且在那个世纪里诞生了,金融和保险的雏形

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选