Now for this experiment, this is a constant enthalpy experiment for the Joule-Thomson experiment, this is equal to zero.
对于这个实验,焦耳-汤姆逊实验,是一个焓不变的实验,焓变化等于0,所以我可以。
And, during the time of his interactions with Thompson and Rutherford, he got to thinking about a way to explain the observations of Rutherford.
通过在这段时期,和汤姆逊及卢瑟福的交流,他想到了一个办法,来解释卢瑟福的观察。
Real refrigerators actually work with liquids that go into gases so use the latent heat of the liquid, so it doesn't really work like the Joule-Thomson expansion. So this is real.
液体变成气体来工作,以运用液体的潜热,所以这不是,真正像焦耳-汤姆逊膨胀一样工作,这是真实的气体,不像焦耳。
So, he goes to Cambridge, and he spends six months with Thompson.
所以他去了剑桥,他花了六个月和汤姆逊待了六个月。
What we've been talking about, the Joule-Thomson experiment, constant enthalpy process?
首先,刚才说的,那些有什么问题吗?,焦耳-汤姆逊实验,等焓过程?
And if that's equal to zero, that means that the Joule-Thomson coefficient for an ideal gas is also equal to zero. We're going to actually prove this later in the course.
说明理想气体的,焦耳-汤姆逊系数也等于0。,详细的证明过程,会在以后的课上给出。
it's kind of like the Joule expansion, an ideal gas.
焦耳-汤姆逊膨胀过程相似。
And then, in 1934, it was Ernest Rutherford -by the mid-30s, J. J. Thompson had retired.
之后在1934年,在30年代中期,是卢瑟福,汤姆逊退休了。
This is equal to zero. So this irreversible process this Joule-Thomson process, is a constant enthalpy process. Delta h for this process is equal to zero.
等于0。所以这个不可逆过程,也就是焦耳-汤姆逊过程,是一个等焓过程。
Well, people took a stab at modeling it, and the first model worth talking about is J who published this model in 1904.
人们尝试建立一个模型,第一个有意义的模型是,。J汤姆逊,that,of,J。,J。,Thompson,在1904年发表的。
OK, so we ended up last time, we talked about Joule-Thomson expansion, which is an irreversible expansion through a nozzle, through a porous plug, constant enthalpy expansion.
上节课,我们讨论了焦耳-汤姆逊,膨胀过程,也就是气体,通过毛细管。
What happened to the temperature in a Joule expansion in ideal gas?
对理想气体,焦耳-汤姆逊膨胀过程中温度如何变化?
The Joule-Thomson coefficient is equal to zero.
焦耳-汤姆逊系数等于。
J. J. Thompson, model. Rutherford, experimental data.
汤姆逊,模型,卢瑟福,数据。
OK, the Joule-Thomson experiment.
焦耳-汤姆逊实验。
So this is an irreversible process.
所以这是一个不可逆过程,焦耳-汤姆逊。
He far preferred Rutherford to Thompson.
相比汤姆逊他更喜欢卢瑟福。
The Joule experiment was a constant energy experiment, right. Here we're going to have to find a constant enthalpy experiment, and that is going to be the Joule-Thomson experiment. That's going to extract out a physical meaning to this derivative here.
非常像焦耳实验,焦耳实验是一个能量恒定的实验,我们这里要做的是,找到一个焓不变的实验,也就是焦耳-汤姆逊实验,这个实验可以把这里的微分式形象化。
but right now you're going to have to take it for granted. So, if the Joule-Thomson coefficient is equal to zero, just like we wrote, du = Cv dT du = Cv dT for an ideal gas, we're going to dH = Cp dT have dH = Cp dT for an ideal gas as well.
但是现在请你们应该把它看成理所当然的,所以,如果焦耳-汤姆逊系数等于零,就像我们写的,对于理想气体,我们也可以得到对于理想气体。
And so they defined them, p after many experiments, the limit of this 0 delta T delta p and the limit of delta p goes to zero as the Joule-Thomson coefficient.
他们定义了这些量,以及它们的范围,ΔT比Δ,Δp的极限趋近于,叫做焦耳-汤姆逊系数。
One of the proponents is J. J. Thompson.
一个支持者是J。J,汤姆逊。
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