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Freud studied the mind and the brain and was intensely interested in the neural basis of thought and behavior.
弗洛伊德研究心理和大脑,并对思想和行为的神经基础,有着浓厚的兴趣。
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Our brain is really good at kind of absorbing music and lyrics and so if you're trying to focus on that,
我们的大脑真的很擅长于理解音乐和歌词，所以如果你试着把注意力集中到那个上面，
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And I will briefly touch upon these wonderful systems that are able to deliver information into the brain and nerve system.
我会简要提及这些能够向大脑和神经系统,递信息的美妙系统。
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And through his research and other research, it was found that there are maps in the brain of the body.
通过他的研究和其它的研究,人们发现在大脑中存在对身体的定位图
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So the research I am going to share with you-- some of it is taken using the brain scans, other is self-evaluation.
我卢和大家讨论的各种研究-,有些使用大脑扫描，其他是自我评估。
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But in cultures where the food environment doesn't represent the conditions the brain expects, you've got a mismatch.
但是当你所处的食物环境,不符合大脑的预期时,理想和现实错位了
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So, biopsychology was what they called sort of brain and cognitive sciences in those days.
生物心理学在当时被称为,大脑和认知科学。
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And in this case,both of Lefty and Righty seem to have enough of Shelly Kagan's brain.
在本案例中，小左和小右都有足够的大脑。
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You can ask them to read French and to read Spanish and you can find different locations in the brain that are involved in processing of those different languages.
如果让他看法语和西班牙语,我们就能看到不同的大脑区域,对应不同的语言系统
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We differ from lower animals and our brains, which are much more capable of storing and processing information, but we're living in a time of revolution when machines are challenging or competing with our brains.
我们不同于其他低等动物，我们的大脑更能够存储和处理信息，不过身处改革年代,机器开始挑战甚至是,和我们的大脑开始竞争。
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I have one of those food-chopper brains that nothing comes out of the way it went in.
我的大脑就像是食物切碎机,出来的和进去的东西没有一样的。
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There seems to be no interesting difference between how the brain comes to acquire and use the spoken language versus a sign language.
似乎大脑在如何获得和使用口语语言,与如何获得和使用手语之间,不存在任何的差别
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Their bodies and brains are broken until God fixes them.
在上帝复活他们之前，身体和大脑都是坏的。
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A new concept came up which is Neurogenesis or Neuroplasticity, meaning our brain actually changes and transforms.
一个新的概念叫做神经形成或者神经可塑性，是指我们的大脑实际上会改变和转变。
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There are actual differences between the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere.
大脑的左半球和右半球,还是有些差异的
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But we also extend that to my body and my brain.
但我们对自己身体和大脑的表述,却也是如此
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When we look at their brain and the same task, we are getting the same behavior that making the same amount of money, we see very little activation in this area.
在进行行为和奖励相同的试验时，我们观察到，他们的大脑在这一区域里很少出现活动。
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There are processes that go from my nervous system, from my brain and spinal cord out to the tips of my fingers that allow me to move muscles there, or down to your toes.
神经系统中的有些突起可以,从大脑和脊髓一直延伸到,手指指端,以使我这里的肌肉能够运动,神经甚至会一直延伸到你的脚趾
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Although Freud was very sensitive to the brain basis of behavior, Freud was totally convinced that the method through which to cure disorders like depression and anxiety would not be medication but rather through the sort of talk therapy and insight.
尽管弗洛伊德对行为的大脑基础十分着迷，但他确信,抑郁症和焦虑症等障碍,不应采取药物治疗,而应采用会谈性治疗和内省。
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People need fat, and they need sugar, and they need variety--at least what their brain thinks.
人类需要脂肪和糖类,需要各种物质,至少大脑是这么认为的
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And indeed,it doesn't seem as though we have to require the entire brain, just enough of the brain,however much that turns out, to house personality,memories and so forth.
事实上，也不需要整个大脑，只需要包含着人格和记忆的，那部分大脑就够了。
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Does it seem more plausible that we can explain these experiences in terms of the traumatic stress that your body and brain is going through when you are near dying?
我们用创伤后应激,来解释这些当你濒临死亡时,你的身体和大脑,所经历的体验,这看起来,会更合理吗
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and what we saw, just to cut to the data, is that when people anticipated making money we saw increased activation and the region not far from the region that Olds and Milner stimulated in 1954.
而我们所见的则转换成了数据，当人们预期会赚钱时,我们看见大脑活动的增加,而这块活动增加的区域,和奥兹和米尔纳在1954年试验时的大脑区域相隔不远。
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Because the brain in front of you-- you can't see it,but it's in front of you-- the brain in front of you is the very same brain as the brain that you had in front of you on Thursday.
是因为你们面前这个大脑的存在-,你看不见，但其确实是存在的-,你们面前的这个大脑,和周四那个大脑是一样的。
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So it's some way of interfacing activity in your brain with the outside world, and we'll talk about this as we go along, but there's lots of reasons to think that we're going to have this in the not too distant future.
它是一种将大脑,和外部世界连接起来的办法,当我们遇到这个问题的时候再细讲,但我们非常有理由相信,不远的将来我们就能应用这些技术
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You can put somebody in an MRI machine now and have them read a book and look at what parts of their brain become activated when they're reading and what parts stop activating when they stop reading, so you can learn where in their brain is reading done.
现在如果有人躺在核磁共振仪中进行阅读,我们就可以看到,在阅读时,大脑哪些部位变得活跃,停止阅读时哪些部位停止活动,这样我们就知道了,大脑中什么部位是和阅读相关的
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And so then we get a new personality and you say, Oh look,that's going to be you,your body,your brain.
然后得到新的人格，你会说，看着，这就是你，你的身体和大脑。
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That sign languages may be full-blown languages but they just take--they're just harder to learn because the brain and the body have adapted for speech.
手语或许是成熟的语言,但它们更难学,因为大脑和身体已经适应了口语
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And that concept is really to either write information into the brain and the nerve system or read information out of the brain and the nerve system.
这一概念实际上是指,向大脑或者神经系统输入信息,或者读出大脑和神经系统以外的信息。
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It won't be long before we're using these same kind of devices to both record--to test what's going on-- and to act in the right way and response.
相信不久以后,这个装置就可以同时记录和反馈,大脑的信号,并做出相应的回应
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