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Scholars have proposed three possible models to explain the formation of Israel. The first is an immigration model.
学者们提出了三种可能的模型,来解释以色列的形成，第一种是移民模式。
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So some scholars have suggested that maybe the letter to the Ephesians was originally intended as a circular letter.
所以有些学者认为,也许以弗所书原本是一份通函。
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Let me say a little bit,first of all, about the way scholars have categorized the history of Greece.
首先,我要说一下,关于,学者是如何划分希腊历史的
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Some scholars have noticed that the plagues are organized in three sets of three.
许多学者发现,瘟疫是三个一组，总共三组。
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I can't tell you how many scholars have come up with different readings of what Oedipa's name means.
我说不出来有多少学者,对于Oedipa名字的含义,想出了多少种的解读。
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And as an introduction to faces I have a brief film clip from Paul Ekman, who is one of the world's great scholars in the study of facial expressions.
作为对脸的简介,我播放保罗，艾克曼的短片，他是伟大的学者,对面部表情很有研究。
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A lot of scholars have noted that this story is full of irony.
很多学者认为这个故事充满了讽刺。
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So some scholars have speculated that that's the historic reality behind the statement in Exodus 1:18, that a new pharaoh, who knew nothing of Joseph and what he had done for Egypt, began to oppress the Hebrews.
因此一些学者猜测,那是《出埃及记》第1章18节背后的历史事实，一个新的法老，对约瑟夫和他为埃及所做的事情一无所知，开始压迫希伯来人。
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So what some scholars have done is create this word "proto-orthodox."
所以有些学者,造出了“原始东正教“这个词“
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Some scholars have pointed out that in Book II of the Iliad in the section that we call, "The Catalog of Ships," The poet lays out just exactly how many warships came to Troy fromGreece, and just exactly how many came from each town.
有学者指出在《伊利亚特》第二卷,《船舶名录》这一章节中,诗人准确地列出了从特洛伊出发到希腊的,战舰的数量,而每个城镇又各有多少
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The question, of course, is what scholars have disagreed about and continue to disagree about, because the evidence simply will not permit any confident answer, but I ought to just mention a few of the theories that have been tossed around, a few among many, many, many.
而这个问题,是学者曾经争论不休,而且至今也尚无定论的,因为以目前的证据,不能得到任何确切的答案,但我需要,就一小部分广为传播的理论做些说明,这些只是各种理论中的一小部分
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Scholars have always been quick to point out that in both cases, This ark, this tevah, is in the words of one scholar "The instrument of salvation through perilous waters" waters that threaten to capsize it, and so blot out God's hopes and plans for his creatures.
学者们总是很快指出在这两个地方，这个方舟，tevah用一位学者的话说就是,“从恶水中获救的工具“,那些要倾覆它的水流，这也体现了上帝的希望和给创造物的安排。
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Then on the other hand, at the other extreme, you have scholars who see the patriarchal stories as entirely fabricated retrojections of a much later age. And they vary significantly as to when they think these stories were written: anywhere from the period of the monarchy all the way down to the fourth century, some of them.
另一方面又是另一个极端，有学者认为族长故事完全是后世编造的,这样一来，对这些故事是什么时候写的,也有巨大的分歧：,其中一些人认为是在从君主制时期,到公元4世纪之间的某段时候。
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At first there was doubt and controversy, which has completely gone away, as more and more examples of this writing have become available and scholars are now able, by and large, to be confident that they know what these things say.
开始的时候还充斥着质疑的声音,而现在已经无可争议,因为已经有,越来越多这样的文字出土,学者们现在,对辨认出这些东西的含义,相当有自信了
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It's worth saying a word about that, because I want to undermine any great confidence that you may have and what you can believe that scholars tell you, because we keep finding out how wrong we are about all kinds of things.
这里得说的是,我想给自信满满的家伙泼点儿冷水,你曾深信不疑的学者们告诉你的那些事,不断被发现,并在很多问题上都存在纰漏
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Some scholars have even speculated that Christians may have been the first to do this, because they were arguing with their friends,the Jews.
有些学者甚至推测,基督教徒是首先这样做的，因为他们在和犹太朋友争辩时。
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We have talked about the different sources that scholars believe they have been able to identify as comprising the five books of the Pentateuch.
我们已经讲过不同的资料来源,学者们相信他们能够确定,构成摩西五经的五部经书。
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And so many scholars, and many people, have remarked that it's not a small irony that the Ancient Near Eastern people with one of the, or perhaps the most lasting legacy, was not a people that built and inhabited one of the great centers of Ancient Near Eastern civilization.
很多学者，很多人都说，拥有世界上最永恒遗产的,古代近东居民，并不是那些修建并居住于，古代近东文明中心的人,这是不是很讽刺呢。
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One answer, and it's the one that is most widely believed among Greek scholars, is that the growth of population that we have mentioned in connection with the rise of the polis is still working once the polis comes into form.
原因之一是,这个原因是被广大古希腊学者们所接受的,那就是,人口的增长与城邦的数量,在城邦兴起的阶段还是基本一致的
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In any event, many scholars through their analysis of these texts have been led to conclude that the Deuteronomistic School updated and revised earlier laws, particularly laws in the Covenant Code, but sometimes also in the older legal stratum of P; and they did so in keeping with the circumstances of the eighth to sixth century.
在任何事件中，许多学者通过分析都,得出结论即申命记学派更新,并修订了早先的律法，尤其是契约法典中的律法，但有时也包括比较早起的祭祀派律法;他们这样做,是为了与公元前6世纪到8世纪保持一致。
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I have to stress, though, that scholars differ very much on where the seams in the text are, what parts of the story belong to J or E, or P, so you'll read very, very different accounts.
必须强调的是，虽然学者就，海在哪里接合,这一问题上，有很大分歧,你们会在阅读材料J，E，P的故事的时候发现。
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