Again, these plasmids occur naturally in nature; they were discovered particularly in micro-organisms have plasmids that confer biological properties onto them.
此外,质粒存在于自然界中,质粒是在微生物中发现的,它们也赋予了微生物一些生物学特性
Now most diabetics take human insulin made, not in humans, but made in micro-organisms that are growing in a manufacturing facility.
而现在,多数糖尿病患者用人的胰岛素,不是来自人体,而是来自工厂的微生物车间
Antibiotics are chemicals, usually small organic molecules that will kill micro-organisms like bacteria.
抗生素是一类化学物质,它们通常是小分子有机物,能够杀死细菌这样的微生物
if you do that under the situation where you've put your plasmid into these micro-organisms then you're going to have little colonies that grow many copies of the bacterial cells.
如果你在质粒已经进入了微生物,的情况下培养它们,你就会得到许多小菌落,里面长有很多增殖出来的细菌
The promoter in this case is called the lac promoter and normally in micro-organisms that lac promoter is used to produce a gene called lacZ which makes a protein called beta-galactosidase.
在这个例子中的启动子称作lac启动子,通常在微生物中,lac启动子是用来生成,一段叫lacZ的基因,这段基因,能制造一种蛋白叫β-半乳糖苷酶
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