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Now, you know with constant volume, H now it's not going to be delta H that's U straightforward to measure, it's going to be dealt u, all right.
好，现在你们知道在体积恒定的条件下，我们得到的不是Δ,我们直接测量到的是Δ,好，但这基本上也是一样的。
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If I am an inertial observer, another person moving relative to me at constant velocity will also be an inertial observer.
如果我是惯性观察者,那另一个相对于我做匀速运动的人,也是一个惯性观察者
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And perhaps the explanation has got to be the ubiquity of death is this kind of background, constant hum.
也许应该这么解释，死亡的无处不在,是一种背景的，持续的嗡嗡声。
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Linear algorithms tend to be things where, at one pass-through, you reduce the problem by a constant amount by one. If you reduce it by two, 1 it's going to be the same thing.
有问题么？,线性复杂度的算法，当进行了一个,常量级步数的操作的时候，将问题的规模缩小了一个。
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The force, as this weight drops is constant, mgh and so the work is just going to be m g h, h where this is h.
当重物掉落时候的力是恒定的，因此做功就是，这段长度是。
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This is what's called the Bohr radius, and we'll explain - hopefully we'll get to it today where this Bohr radius name comes from, but for now what you need to know is just that it's a constant, just treat it like a constant, and it turns out to be equal to or about 1/2 an angstrom.
它叫做玻尔半径，我们后面会解释,希望我们今天可以讲到,波尔半径这个名称的由来，但现在你们只要记住,它是一个常数，只要把它当做一个常数对待，它等于,或者是1/2埃。
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A half century before that, Ben Franklin helped to build a hall in Philadelphia and said the top of this hall would be open to a Muslim preacher from Constant and Obal This is the early 18th century in America.
再有半个世纪前，本·富兰克林帮助在费城建立了一座会堂,他说会堂的顶层将向,一位来自Constant和Obal的穆斯林布道者开放,这些都发生在18世纪的美国。
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So for an ideal gas then, dH/dp under 0 constant temperature, that has to be equal to zero.
所以对于理想气体,偏H偏p在恒温下，等于。
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It's going to take place in there. It's going to be a constant pressure, it might be open to the air, or even if it isn't, there might be plenty of room, and it's a liquid anyway, so the pressure isn't going to change significantly.
也许它是液体，它在这个位置,这是恒压的，它也许是连通大气的，就算不是，它也有，足够的空间，而它是液体,压强不会显著地改变。
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Could be done, but easier is to just do the whole thing at constant volume, right, and just run the reaction that way and redo the calculation to be a constant volume rather than constant pressure calorimeter, right.
可以进行测量,但是如果在体积恒定的条件下,做这些会容易得多,还是这样进行反应,但是在等体而不是恒压条件下重新计算。
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So that's going to have to be a constant pressure path.
它应当包含,一个等压过程。
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I'm going to call it r. It's going to be the gas constant, and now I have r times t is equal to the limit, p goes to zero of p r.
如果去掉p趋于0的条件,在有限压强下都,保持RT=pV的关系。
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We can also do a similar thing, and I'll keep my distance from the board, but we can instead be holding x constant, for example, putting x to be equal to zero, and then all we're doing is considering the electric field as a function of t.
我们也可以做类似的事情,把x固定为一个常数,例如令x等于零，然后,考虑电场作为时间的函数,这种情况下，我们划掉。
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but pressure is going to be constant.
保持不变。
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So, sometimes you'll find the Rydberg constant in different forms, but just make sure you pay attention to units because then you won't mess them up, because this is in inverse seconds here, the other Rydberg constant is in joules, so you'll be able to use what you need depending on how you're using that constant.
有时候你们会发现Rydberg常数,会写成不同的形式，但你们要注意,它的单位就不会弄错了，因为这里是秒的倒数，而另一个Rydberg常数是焦耳，所有你可以根据你要怎么使用,这个常数来选择你需要的常数。
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The Joule experiment was a constant energy experiment, right. Here we're going to have to find a constant enthalpy experiment, and that is going to be the Joule-Thomson experiment. That's going to extract out a physical meaning to this derivative here.
非常像焦耳实验,焦耳实验是一个能量恒定的实验,我们这里要做的是，找到一个焓不变的实验,也就是焦耳-汤姆逊实验,这个实验可以把这里的微分式形象化。
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I'm pressing on the gas. So I expect that to be a positive number. The pressure is constant 0 p. The V goes from V1 to zero.
我们对气体加压,所以这应该是一个正数,压强是常数，p，V从V1变成。
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All right, so gamma, the gas is cooling so V2 is going to be less than it what would be if the temperature kept constant.
气体温度下降了,于是V2会比等温过程,降到相同压强时的体积要小。
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The constraint isn't constant temperature because the temperature is going to be changing.
是在不停变化的，不是恒压,因为我们已经有Δp了。
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