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There is a Darwinian semiotics, understanding the relationships among species in semiotic terms.
达尔文主义的符号学，用符号学来研究物种间的关系。
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Semiotics evolves into what is called "structuralism," which we'll be considering next week.
符号学涉及结构主义“,我们下节课会讲到结构主义。
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Now semiotics is not in itself a literary theory.
符号学自身并不是文学理论。
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Semiotics has expanded into every imaginable aspect of thought.
符号学涉及几乎任何学科。
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The important thing about Saussure and the discipline of semiotics is the incredible influence that it has had on virtually every form of subsequent literary theory.
索绪尔和其他符号学家都很关注的一件事就是,符号学对于,任意一种文学理论的影响。
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But what is new in Saussure and what really is foundational in semiotics as a science is two things that Saussure then goes on to say about the sign.
但是说索绪尔创造性的开创了,符号学，是因为两件事,这两件事是。
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As we'll learn from Jakobson next week, literature can be understood--or what he calls the study of literature, "poetics"--can be understood as a subfield of semiotics, but semiotics is not in itself a literary theory.
下周我们学雅各布森的时候也会看到，文学可以被理解为，诗学，即符号学的一个分支，但是符号学不是文学理论。
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As I say, there's a certain instability which could never apply in the semiotics of the stoplight because there it's not so much a question of but rather the insistence that the color is just that color.
我承认，颜色的选择有时候是有规律的,但是在语义学上这解释不通,因为他们不考虑,但是语义学家认为颜色只单纯表示颜色。
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In other words, they probably bear a distant relation to the semiotics of the stoplight, and that's probably why red was chosen for ambulances and police cars: because they put into your head the notion of "stop."
这很可能是源自于,红灯在一些语义中表示停止的意思，它被应用在了救护车和警车上：,因为他们带有警告的意味“
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