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In schools, the punishment for cheating could be a failing grade on the paper or in the course.
VOA: special.2009.04.16
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Literal punishment: for example, in the Code of Hammurabi, where someone's ox kills a child, then the ox owner's child is killed.
例如，在汉穆拉比法典里，如果某人的牛,杀死了一个小孩，那么这头牛的主人的小孩也应处死。
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I don't like that idea. Especially because in the vast majority of physical punishment cases,
我不喜欢这个观念。尤其是考虑到大多数体罚的案例，
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He says international students would face the same punishment as American citizens for underage drinking in Virginia.
VOA: special.2009.04.02
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It's the understanding that he can make things happen in the world; he can defend himself against his father's punishment through the use of words.
自己的价值;,凭借唇齿,他可以与父亲周旋。
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In India, leprosy has traditionally been considered a punishment for something bad done in a former life.
VOA: special.2009.10.14
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And you don't have to be too careful or fine about gradations of punishment in the state of nature.
而且在自然状态中，你不必,对实施惩罚的程度太过小心。
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There was no money for rebuilding. To add to all these problems, radical Republicans in Washington were demanding severe punishment for the South.
VOA: special.2010.01.14
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This was a radical concept in its day, evidently. The punishment should fit the crime, no more and no less for all free persons--granted slaves are not included--regardless of social class. Equality before the law.
很显然，这是当时最根本的概念，惩罚应该,与罪行相符，不偏向任何自由人，不顾社会阶级,当然奴隶除外，法律面前人人平等。
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Parts of this program are recorded in a studio in the Museum of Crime and Punishment.
VOA: special.2010.05.05
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So if sin and folly get punished we are in available punishment.
如果要惩罚罪恶和愚蠢的话,我们所做的也会受到相应的惩。
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That could create a problem for government lawyers seeking the most severe punishment for the accused C spending the rest of his life in prison.
VOA: special.2009.04.25
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That is to say,the reward of good behavior the admiration and the honor that a hero gets, and the most serious punishment he can suffer is to be shamed in front of that community.
也就是说,对正面行为的犒赏,就是得到如英雄般的尊敬和仰慕,而最严厉的惩罚,就是在集体面前当众蒙羞
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They demanded strong punishment for all southerners who took part in the rebellion.
VOA: special.2010.01.21
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And more generally, the problem is you can talk about what other people do in terms of reinforcement and punishment and operant conditioning and classical conditioning.
更加一般性的问题便是,你可以用强化和惩罚，操作性条件作用,以及经典条件作用之类的术语,来解释他人的行为。
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The punishment,he says, in accordance with the statute he was charged under was three years.
VOA: standard.2009.03.12
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And, in a similar point, he maintains that punishment can never be used as an instrument of revenge but only for what he calls the correction or what we would call the rehabilitation of the offender.
同时他还认为,法律上的惩罚是不能作为复仇的工具,而当作为纠正罪犯过错的工具,即我们今天叫的,对罪犯进行改造。
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In addition,the nine justices will also hear arguments about whether sentencing juveniles to life in prison without paroles for crimes other than murder violates the constitutional ban against cruel and unusual punishment.
VOA: standard.2009.10.01
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What do you think of physical punishment in school?
你怎样看待学校的体罚做法？
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"And so,you have all the transgressions which are listed, not just in my report but in many other reports-et cetera persecution,clampdown, collective punishment,torture, arbitrary executions, public executions,et cetera despite various formal guarantees in the constitution and in criminal law."
VOA: standard.2009.10.22
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There is punishment and before you know it, everybody is insecure in the enjoyment of his or her unalienable rights to life, liberty, and property.
就能惩罚他，不知不觉间，所有人不可剥夺的生命，自由,和财产权都没了保障。
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Crimes in the one realm cannot be compensated by punishment in the other realm. A crime in the realm of life/personal injury has to be compensated in the same realm. In the same way property crimes are not punished by death.
一个领域内的犯罪行为不能通过另一个领域的,惩罚来补偿，造成人身伤害的罪行必须在,同一领域内偿还，同样地，财产犯罪,不能被处以死刑。
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But in order to do so, you have to use terms like "punishment" and "reward" and "reinforcement" in such a vague way that in the end you're not saying anything scientific.
但如果你要这样去做，你就必须将惩罚，奖励“,强化之类的术语概念模糊化,最终你所作出的解释便毫无科学性。
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