When they invented fire insurance, in the 1600s, there was a lot of skepticism because anyone can burn down their house.
十七世纪时,人们发明了火险,当时存在很多质疑,因为任何人都可以烧毁他们的房子。
The whole city burned down, practically, in a terrible fire and fire insurance started to proliferate right after that in London.
大火几乎烧毁了整座城市,紧随着那场伦敦大火,火险订单的数量激增
I get fire insurance on my house and so I behave badly: I deliberately burn the house down to collect on my insurance.
我为我的房子投了火险,于是我就:,我故意烧毁房屋,以便领走保险金。
If a company were just a fire insurance company it would be a monoline insurance company.
如果一个公司仅提供火险,那它就是单线保险公司
London insurance companies would because the whole concept of insurance is pooling of independent probabilities.
伦敦的保险公司之所以开展火险,是因为整个保险理念,就是将独立事件发生的风险汇聚起来
Insurance pools risks like life risks or fire risks by writing policies to individual policyholders.
保险业分散风险是通过,与个人签订保险合同,比如寿险合同,或者火险合同
The classic moral hazard problem is the problem that you give fire insurance on a house and someone burns down the house in order to collect the insurance.
有个经典的道德风险的例子就是,给一栋房子投保了火险,有人就可能会烧了这栋房子,以获得保险赔付
Some people date fire insurance with the fire of London in 1666.
有些人将火险的历史追溯到,1666年的伦敦火灾
But you know, you kind of wonder if that's a good example for fire insurance because if the whole city burns down, then insurance companies would go bankrupt anyway, right?
但是你也许会疑惑,对于阐述火险来说,这是不是个好例子,因为如果整个城市被烧毁,那么保险公司就会破产,对吧
The classic example of moral hazard is with fire insurance.
道德风险的一个典型案例,就是火险。
They said, it's not going to work because you have to decide how much the house is insured for and then anybody--If you ever make a mistake and you insure it for too much, then the people who realize they've got one on the insurance company-- they've insured the house for more than it's worth-- they'll burn down their house and collect the money.
他们说,火险根本无法实施,因为你必须判断,这房子的保价是多少,一旦你出现了一些失误,保价评估得过高,那些意识到他们可能会从,保险公司赚利的人们-,即保险公司的保价高于房子的实际价值-,他们就会烧掉自己的房子来赚钱。
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