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When they invented fire insurance, in the 1600s, there was a lot of skepticism because anyone can burn down their house.
十七世纪时，人们发明了火险，当时存在很多质疑,因为任何人都可以烧毁他们的房子。
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The whole city burned down, practically, in a terrible fire and fire insurance started to proliferate right after that in London.
大火几乎烧毁了整座城市,紧随着那场伦敦大火,火险订单的数量激增
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I get fire insurance on my house and so I behave badly: I deliberately burn the house down to collect on my insurance.
我为我的房子投了火险，于是我就：,我故意烧毁房屋,以便领走保险金。
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If a company were just a fire insurance company it would be a monoline insurance company.
如果一个公司仅提供火险,那它就是单线保险公司
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London insurance companies would because the whole concept of insurance is pooling of independent probabilities.
伦敦的保险公司之所以开展火险,是因为整个保险理念,就是将独立事件发生的风险汇聚起来
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Insurance pools risks like life risks or fire risks by writing policies to individual policyholders.
保险业分散风险是通过,与个人签订保险合同,比如寿险合同,或者火险合同
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The classic moral hazard problem is the problem that you give fire insurance on a house and someone burns down the house in order to collect the insurance.
有个经典的道德风险的例子就是,给一栋房子投保了火险,有人就可能会烧了这栋房子,以获得保险赔付
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Some people date fire insurance with the fire of London in 1666.
有些人将火险的历史追溯到,1666年的伦敦火灾
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But you know, you kind of wonder if that's a good example for fire insurance because if the whole city burns down, then insurance companies would go bankrupt anyway, right?
但是你也许会疑惑,对于阐述火险来说,这是不是个好例子,因为如果整个城市被烧毁,那么保险公司就会破产,对吧
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The classic example of moral hazard is with fire insurance.
道德风险的一个典型案例,就是火险。
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They said, it's not going to work because you have to decide how much the house is insured for and then anybody--If you ever make a mistake and you insure it for too much, then the people who realize they've got one on the insurance company-- they've insured the house for more than it's worth-- they'll burn down their house and collect the money.
他们说，火险根本无法实施,因为你必须判断,这房子的保价是多少,一旦你出现了一些失误,保价评估得过高，那些意识到他们可能会从,保险公司赚利的人们-,即保险公司的保价高于房子的实际价值-,他们就会烧掉自己的房子来赚钱。
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