One of the main difference is is that when you're talking about multi-electron orbitals, they're actually smaller than the corresponding orbital for the hydrogen atom.

其中最主要的区别之一,是当你讨论多电子轨道时,它们实际上，要比对应的氢原子轨道,要小一些。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So again, this is an anti-bonding orbital, and what you see is that there is now less electron density between the two nuclei than there was when you had non-bonding.

同样的，这是反键轨道，你们看到当你有反键轨道的时候,两个原子核中间的电子密度更小了。

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And so, therefore, all other things being equal, the first orbit should be at a smaller distance.

所以，如果别的条件都相同的情况下，第一轨道的距离会更小。

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So there's two different orbitals that can have these three quantum numbers, but if we're talking about electrons, we can also talk about m sub s, so if we have two orbitals, how many electrons can we have total?

所以有两个轨道可以有,这三个量子数，但如果我们讲的是电子，我们还要考虑ｍ小标ｓ,如果我们有两个轨道，一共有多少个电子呢？

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I want to finish this discussion by including the anti-bonding orbital, and this is a tip for you when you're drawing your molecular orbital diagrams, any time you draw a bonding orbital, there is also an anti-bonding orbital that exists.

我想要以包含反键轨道,来结束这个讨论，告诉你们一个,画分子轨道图的小技巧，任何时候你画一个成键轨道，都会存在一个反键轨道。

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So what we can say here is that the 2 p is less than or smaller than the 2 s orbital.

所以我们可以说,2p轨道比2s轨道要小。

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So when we talk about the size of multi-electron orbitals, they're actually going to be smaller because they're being pulled in closer to the nucleus because of that stronger attraction because of the higher charge of the nucleus in a multi-electron atom compared to a hydrogen atom.

所以当我们讨论,多电子轨道的尺寸，它们实际上会变得更小,因为多电子原子的原子核,相比于氢原子,有更高的电荷量所以,有更强的吸引力,所以可以拉的更近。

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So, our two glitches we see when we go from the 2 p, or from 2 s to start filling the 2 p, and then we also get another glitch when we've half-filled the 2 p, and now we're adding and having to double up in one of those p orbitals.

因此，我们的看到的两个小偏差，一个是在开始进入，2，p，轨道，或者说在填满，2，s，轨道之后,开始填，2，p，轨道的时候出现的，另一个则是在，2，p，轨道半满之后,开始继续加电子，使得其中一个，p，轨道上的。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So s p 3 orbitals always have one huge lobe and one really little lobe.

所以sp3轨道总是有一个大叶,和一个非常小的叶。

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So again, what we see is the same pattern where the most probable radius, if we talk about it in terms of the d, that's going to be smaller then for the p, and the 3 p most probable radius is going to be closer to the nucleus than it is for the 3 s most probable radius that we're looking at.

同样的，我们可以看到相同的行为,ｄ轨道的，最可能半径，比ｐ轨道小，3p轨道的,最可能半径,比3s轨道离原子核更近。

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