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She was part of the clinical trial that did this, and they gave everybody certificates after it was done.
她当时就在参与疫苗的临床试验,试验后他们会给每个参与者颁发一个证明
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The clinical trial was designed such that almost two million elementary school children were given this test vaccine.
该临床试验的计划是,向近二百万的小学学生,接种这种测试疫苗
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There is a very big-- one of the largest clinical trials that the U.S. Government ever did was called the Women's Health Initiative, and there were several purposes built into this particular study, but what it did was it took post menopausal women and randomly assigned them to different dietary conditions.
有一个很大的,美国政府曾经做过的,一个最大的临床试验,叫做"妇女健康倡导计划",这项研究有几个特殊的目的,研究主要是将更年期的妇女,随机分配至,不同的饮食环境中
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After the clinical trial it was rapidly introduced into the population.
临床试验结束后,该疫苗迅速地应用于大众
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So, very rapidly a clinical trial was started.
很快临床试验就可以开始了
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It's--that's a very different process than testing a drug, where if you had a drug for heart disease, you would give it to patients that had heart disease and see if you had an impact.
这与药物的临床试验截然不同,如果对一种治疗心脏病的药进行临床试验,你可以将药分发给,心脏病患者并观察药效
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Another approach which is still investigational, in that it's being tried for many diseases but not yet clinically used in any particular one, is maybe you don't need to introduce a whole virus or pieces of a protein at all.
另一种方法目前仍处于试验阶段,该方法即将试用于许多疾病,但还没有对某一特定疾病进行临床试验,那就是无需引入整个病毒,或者根本不用引入蛋白质片段
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So she got a certificate at the end thanking her for participating in the clinical trial, and also telling her to go get the real vaccine because she hadn't had it yet.
试验最后,她得到了一个证明其参与,这项临床试验的证书,并且被告之要去注射真的疫苗,因为她还没有被注射过
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Now, the problem, or one of the challenges with clinical trials of vaccines is that you have to enroll a lot of patients into clinical trials because only a few are going to get sick in any case, only 20 out of 100,000.
现在的问题是,这也是疫苗临床试验的挑战之一,临床试验必须包括足够多的病人,毕竟只有一小部分人会被传染,十万人里面只有二十人被传染
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