Creative ideas not only produce their own instruments of survival as time and circumstances demand, but permit the substitution of new forms for old under the pressure of changed circumstances.
创造性的思想不仅随着时间和环境的需要产生自己的生存工具，而且允许在已变化环境的压力下用新的形式代替旧的形式。
In reality, the picture is complicated by the substitution in both supply and demand among different agricultural commodities, and by the role of the corn ethanol program.
实际上，在供求两个方面都有不同农产品作替换，加之玉米乙醇项目的实施，导致上述简单的关系变得复杂化。
On the aspect of labor demand, this paper focuses on the substitution effects of capital and technology and the income effects.
劳动力需求方面，重点分析了资本和技术的替代作用以及收入水平对劳动力需求的影响。
The money substitution changes people's demand on money, influences a nation's economy and macro policy effect.
货币替代改变人们对货币的需求，影响一国的经济和宏观政策效果。
The concept of anticipation and change, which underlie the principles of supply and demand, substitution, balance, and externalities, are basic to the sales comparison approach.
依据供求原则、替代原则、平衡原则和外部性原则的预期的概念和变化的概念是市场途径的基础。
Namely, including the direct demand in money, the stock market exerts influences on the money demand by the combined roles of effects of wealth, exchange, asset integration and substitution.
货币需求通过直接和间接方式对股票市场产生影响，而股票市场通过财富效应、交易效应、资产组合效应和替代效应的共同作用对货币需求产生影响。
According to Friedman's analysis, stock market affects monetary demand from four perspectives: wealth, riskspreading, transaction and substitution, with different effects in different directions.
股票市场通过财富效应、风险分散效应、交易效应和替代效应等多种渠道影响货币需求，不同效应的影响方向是不同的。
It can be essentially seen as the substitution of the functions of domestic currency by foreign currency, and can also be analyzed from the aspect of the motive of monetary demand.
货币替代在本质上表现为外币在货币职能上替代本币，也可从货币需求动机上对其进行分析。
The substitution by other plastic products has led to a sluggish demand of polystyrene in the domestic market. Its price was going down with the impact of the import volume and import price.
国内市场因受其他品种塑料的取代竞争，需求不旺，且受进口量和进口价影响，价格逐年走低。
Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) is regarded as the substitution to re -build man to meet the demand.
弹性分组环(rpr)被认为是重建城域网以满足新业务需求的替代方式。
Second, the component replenishment policy under enterprise-driven demand substitution is studied.
其次，论文研究了基于企业驱动需求替代的制造商零部件补货策略。
The own-wage demand elasticity is -0.40 for unskilled workers and -0.53 for skilled workers while the substitution elasticity between the two types of workers is 0.26.
对低技能工人的需求工资弹性为- 0.40，对高技能工人需求工资弹性为- 0.53。而且，不同类型工人之间的替代弹性为0.26。
Substitutable goods, the greater the higher the degree of substitution, demand more sensitive to price changes;
可替代商品越多，替代程度越高，需求对价格的变动就越敏感；
Substitutable goods, the greater the higher the degree of substitution, demand more sensitive to price changes;
可替代商品越多，替代程度越高，需求对价格的变动就越敏感；
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