简单来说，中继器将正常情况下收到的信号，和数据碰撞时产生的拥塞信号重复发送到所有的端口。
The hub or repeater simply repeats an incoming signal on all ports and also sends the jam signal to all ports if there’s a collision.
为了确保发送干涉信息的源头也能知晓发生了数据碰撞，发射站在检测到碰撞后，要发一个是32比特的倍数的拥塞信号。
Just to make sure that the source of the interfering transmission also detects a collision, upon detecting a collision, a station sends a "jam" signal for 32 bit times.
城市地面交通的拥塞主要是由于交叉口的信号配时引起的，由此限制了路段的通行能力。
Congestion of urban traffic is mostly due to the problem of signal timing at intersections, which limits the full usage of roads.
当DRNN预测下一时刻缓冲区中的信元数超过阈值时，控制器产生一个反馈控制信号减小信源进入网络的信元速率以避免拥塞发生。
When DRNN predicts that the number of cells in buffer exceeds the threshold limit in the next time cycle, a control signal is generated by the controller to throttle arrival cell rate.
当DRNN预测下一时刻缓冲区中的信元数超过阈值时，控制器产生一个反馈控制信号减小信源进入网络的信元速率以避免拥塞发生。
When DRNN predicts that the number of cells in buffer exceeds the threshold limit in the next time cycle, a control signal is generated by the controller to throttle arrival cell rate.
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