最伟大的功利主义者之一是克劳德·爱尔维修。
这似乎难以置信的许多功利主义者。
然而，传统的功利主义者接受了他们。
他那个人很现实，是个十足的功利主义者。
功利主义者为打压提供了一种合理的理论。
Utilitarianism provides a plausible framework for deciding who should get trampled.
你已经成为了一个结果论者，或者是功利主义者。
You've become a consequentialist or maybe a rule utilitarian.
这些证明马克思是功利主义者的论据自己本身就是可疑的。
It is dubious that these arguments in and of themselves prove that Marx is a utilitarian.
从一个功利主义者的观点来看，明显应去拉拉杆，只杀死一个人来拯救五个人。
From a utilitarian point of view, the obvious choice is to pull the lever, saving five and only killing one.
每个反对导致一些功利主义者放弃了原来的古典功利主义的一些要求。
Each objection led some utilitarians to give up some of the original claims of classic utilitarianism.
那么功利主义者，为什么不考虑一下，通过向他们征税来分享他们的快乐呢？
So why wouldn't a utilitarian want to tax them to share the joy?
这表示，功利主义者或许会做那些对所有人的幸福有益的事，但是他们自身却不是非常快乐。
Utilitarians, this suggests, may add to the sum of human happiness, but they are not very happy people themselves.
这表示虽然功利主义者能够增加人类整体的幸福值，但他们自己并不是什么快乐的人。
Utilitarians, this suggests, may add to the sum of human happiness, but they are not very happy people themselves.
然而，传统的功利主义者接受了他们。这一事实使古典功利主义更复杂的理论，可能会出现比乍。
Yet classic utilitarians accepted them all. That fact makes classic utilitarianism a more complex theory than it might appear at first sight.
传统谁更喜欢后者的结果往往尝试用呼吁的边际效用递减原则的平均主义分配的商品享乐功利主义者。
Traditional hedonistic utilitarians who prefer the latter outcome often try to justify egalitarian distributions of goods by appealing to a principle of diminishing marginal utility.
功利主义者们接受这样的观点：为了更加长远的利益考虑，对于眼前的享乐做一些牺牲常常是十分必要。
Utilitarians accept that it is often necessary to compromise short-term pleasures, for the greater good over the long term.
在这些案子中，如果与其它选择如精神疗法相比，能实现功利最大化，功利主义者就会责无旁贷的采用刑罚。
In such cases, if punishment, as compared to other alternatives, e. g., psychiatric treatment, has maximum utility, the utilitarian is obligated by his views to endorse punishment.
你也许会说这里无疑忽略了功利主义者认为应当包含的部分，即那些死于肺癌的患者本身加上其家属的价值。
You may say that what's missing here is something, that the utilitarian can easily incorporate, namely the value to the person and to the families of those who die from lung cancer.
功利主义者认为正义是效用，罗尔斯认为正义是公平，诺齐克认为正义是个人权利，麦金太尔认为正义是美德。
Utilitarianists hold justice is efficiency, Rawls thinks justice is equity, Nozick considers justice is the right of individuals, and in Macintyre justice is just the virtue.
因此，我们必须检验它，用我们自己的判断力。当然，功利主义者当然会说，一旦我们权衡过支持和反对的意见之后，我们就应该接受这一理论。
For that, we have to examine the theory, and use our judgment – and utilitarians, of course, will say that we should accept the theory once we have assessed the case for and the case against.
你必须在二者中选一。而功利主义者很显然会选择去折磨小花，这样就能把痛苦的量控制到最低。即便小黄和小白的痛苦会比小花稍微低一点，但我们要记住这是两只猫，而功利主义者认为痛苦是可以相加的。
Even though the individual pains of Tiddles and Toddles will be slightly lower than that of Felix, we have to remember there are two of them, and suffering can be added up according to utilitarianism.
我并不认为，伊壁鸠鲁主义者从功利主义原则得到其结论构架的做法是无懈可击的。
I do not, indeed, consider the Epicureans to have been by any means faultless in drawing out their scheme of consequences from the utilitarian principle.
约翰·密尔是英国19世纪功利主义思想家，社会改良主义者。
John Stuart Mill was an English utilitarian philosopher and social reformist in the 19th century.
约翰·密尔是英国19世纪功利主义思想家，社会改良主义者。
John Stuart Mill was an English utilitarian philosopher and social reformist in the 19th century.
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