As Governor Jeb Bush delivered Florida's annual state-of-the-state address on March 7th, 11, 000 angry protesters on the steps of the Capitol in Tallahassee denounced his One Florida Initiative, a plan to end affirmative action racial preference for non-Asian minorities in admitting students to the state's public universities.
He trimmed affirmative action, effectively ended racial quotas at the City University of New York and championed school choice.
Opponents of race-conscious affirmative action policies fear that racial categories may give some applicants a quantifiable benefit, but in reality, few admissions committees can say that there is a well-defined, systematic method of judging applicants to begin with.
But affirmative action the use of racial quotas in hiring and such was taboo.
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After the Civil Rights Act passed, equality quickly succumbed to racial favoritism empowered by redistributions of wealth and power through affirmative action and expanding entitlements.
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In a rare question, Justice Clarence Thomas, the only black member of the Supreme Court, asked whether affirmative action was helping or hindering progress towards racial harmony.
Importing American-style affirmative action risks forcing Brazilians to place themselves in strict racial categories rather than somewhere along a spectrum, says Peter Fry, a British-born, naturalised-Brazilian anthropologist.
In a landmark case three years ago, the justices affirmed racial quotas were unconstitutional but offered a limited but powerful endorsement of affirmative action in higher education.
In a landmark case three years ago, the justices affirmed racial quotas are unconstitutional, and offered a limited, though powerful endorsement of affirmative action in higher education.
In the 1970s and 1980s, issues such as affirmative action and school busing still riled up many, but de jure racial segregation was no longer considered acceptable by most.
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