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Hydraulic fracturing involves the injection of fluid consisting of approximately 99.5% water and sand (the rest consists of common industrial or even household chemicals or materials) through wells constructed with protective casing and cement, into producing shale formations.
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Halliburton was installing the cement casing for the drill operations.
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It matters not how good the cement job or the plug and cement for abandonment, both cement and casing will deteriorate over time and eventually fail.
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One analyst I spoke with suggested that it could be that the kick pushed newly poured cement out of the casing, gumming up the controls.
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The denser mud had been, up until this time, the primary pressure control and was keeping the hydrocarbons in place despite the lack of an adequate cement job at the casing shoe.
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"We have known for some time that the cement used to secure the production casing and isolate the hydrocarbon zone at the bottom of the Macondo well must have failed in some manner, " the letter said, noting that BP used a "nitrogen foam cement" recommended and supplied by Halliburton.
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The cement goes between the outside of the casing and the well bore.
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Then there is Halliburton, which was contracted to cement the production liner in the well casing, effectively sealing off the reservoir from the well bore.
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Halliburton ( HAL - news - people ), which was contracted to cement the production liner in the well casing, effectively sealing off the reservoir from the well bore.
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The reason is that it matters not how good the cement, it will become porous and crack and crumble over time and the casing will rust.
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