句法学的提出
《俄语生成句法学》讲述了：俄罗斯的句法学研究有着悠久的历史和自成体系的传统。19世纪的沃斯托科夫（А. Х. Востоков）、福尔图纳托夫（Ф. Ф. Фортунатов）和沙赫马托夫（А. А. Шахматов）等俄罗斯语言学家就已经把句法学看作是一个独立的语言学分支学科，认为其主要任务是研究词语的组合关系。但是，他们的句法研究以词组中的语法支配关系为中心，对于句子层面上的句法结构和语义结构并未给予充分重视。
句法学的奠定
20世纪中叶，
维诺格拉多夫院士奠定了现代俄语句法学的基础。他明确指出，句法研究的对象是作为独立交际单位的句子。句子有三个基本特征：交际语调、述谓性和情态性。述谓性是指话语内容与现实的关系。情态性是指话语行为中包含的说话人的态度（确认、愿望、请求、意志等）。这三个基本特征使句子成为区别于词和词组的交际单位。维诺格拉多夫还指出：句子是形式和意义的统一体，句法学的主要任务是描写句法结构和语义结构，以及它们之间的对应关系。
句法学英文介绍
What is syntax
----a branch of linguistics that studies how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences.
Categories
Category refers to a group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb. The most central categories to the syntactic study are the word-level categories (traditionally, parts of speech)
Phrase categories and their structures
Phrase categories----the syntactic units that are built around a certain word category are called phrase categories, such as NP(N),VP(V), AP(A), PP(P).
Phrase structure rules
The grammatical mechanism that regulates the arrangement of elements that make up a phrase is called a phrase structure rule, such as:
(Det) + N+(PP)……e.g. those people, the fish on the plate, pretty girls.àNP
(Qual) + V +(NP)……e.g. always play games, finish assignments.àVP
(Deg) + A +(PP)……very handsome, very pessimistic, familiar with, very close toàAP
(Deg) + P +(NP)……on the shelf, in the boat, quite near the station.àPP
Noun Categories
Number 数
Gender 性
Case 格