HA(aq)↔H+(aq)+A-(aq)
其溶液于平衡时,反应物及生成物的关系可用酸度系数(Ka)表示如下:
Ka=[H+][A-]/[HA]
弱 酸
|
化学式
|
Ka
|
p
Ka
|
|
Arsenic
|
H
3AsO
4
|
K1 = 6.0 × 10
K2= 1.0 × 10
K3 = 3.2 × 10
|
2.22
7.00
11.49
|
|
Arsenous
|
H
3AsO
3
|
6.6 × 10
|
9.18
|
|
硼酸*
|
Boric
|
H
3BO
3
|
5.4 × 10
|
9.27
|
醋酸
|
Acetic
|
CH
3COOH
|
1.75 × 10
|
4.76
|
柠檬酸
|
Citric
|
H
3C
6H
5O
7
|
K1 = 7.4 × 10
K2= 1.7 × 10
K3 = 4.0 × 10
|
3.13
4.76
6.40
|
Phenol
|
C
6H
5OH
|
1.0 × 10
|
10.00
|
|
formic
|
HCOOH
|
1.8×10
|
3.75
|
|
Oxalic
|
H
2C
2O
4
|
K1 = 5.4 × 10
K2= 5.3 × 10
|
1.27
4.28
|
|
Benzoic
|
C
6H
5COOH
|
6.3×10
|
4.20
|
|
碳酸
|
Carbonic
|
H
2CO
3
|
K1 = 4.4 × 10
K2= 4.7 × 10
|
6.36
10.33
|
Hydrocyanic
|
HCN
|
6.2 × 10
|
9.21
|
|
铬酸*
|
Chromic
|
H
2CrO
4
|
K1 = 1.8 × 10
K2= 3.2 × 10
|
0.74
6.49
|
氢氟酸
|
Hydrofluoric
|
HF
|
6.6 × 10
|
3.18
|
Iodic
|
HIO
3
|
1.6 × 10
|
0.80
|
|
叠氮酸 |
Hydrazoic
|
HN
3
|
1.9 × 10
|
4.72
|
亚硝酸
|
Nitrous
|
HNO2
|
7.2 × 10
|
3.14
|
过氧化氢
|
Hydrogen
Peroxide
|
H
2O
2
|
2.2 × 10
|
11.66
|
Hypobromous
|
HBrO
|
2.5 × 10
|
8.60
|
|
Hypochlorous
|
HClO
|
2.9 × 10
|
7.54
|
|
Hypoiodus
|
HIO
|
2.3 × 10
|
10.64
|
|
磷酸
|
Phosphoric
|
H
3PO
4
|
K1 = 7.1 × 10
K2= 6.3 × 10
K3 = 4.2 × 10
|
2.15
7.20
12.38
|
Phosphorous
|
H
3PO
3
|
K1 = 3.7 × 10
K2= 2.1 × 10
|
1.43
6.68
|
|
氢硫酸
|
Hydrosulfuric
|
H
2S
|
K1 = 1.0 × 10
K2= 1.0 × 10
|
7.00
19.00
|
亚硫酸
|
Sulfurous
|
H
2SO
3
|
K1 = 1.3 × 10
K2= 6.2 × 10
|
1.89
7.21
|
弱 碱
|
化学式
|
Kb
|
p
Kb
|
|
氨
|
Ammonia
|
NH
3
|
1.8 × 10
|
4.74
|
苯胺
|
Aniline
|
C
6H
5NH
2
|
7.4 × 10
|
9.13
|
二甲氨
|
Dimethylamine
|
(CH
3)
2NH
|
5.9 × 10
|
3.23
|
肼(联氨)
|
Hydrazine
|
NH
2NH
2
NH
2NH
3
|
K1 = 8.5 × 10
K2= 8.9 × 10
|
6.07
15.05
|
羟氨
|
Hydroxylamine
|
NH
2OH
|
9.1 × 10
|
8.04
|
甲胺
|
Methylamine
|
CH
3NH
2
|
4.2 × 10
|
3.38
|
吡啶
|
Pyridine
|
C
5H
5N
|
1.5 × 10
|
8.82
|
三甲氨
|
Trimethylamine
|
(CH
3)
3N
|
6.3 × 10
|
4.20
|