双簧气鸣乐器。即“哀笳”。为唐代鼓吹乐器的重要品种之一，截羊骨或羊角为管。哨用一节芦杆压扁而制成，插于吹口一端，无侧孔。属当时的原生态乐器，后改用“觱篥”。 唐·段安节《乐府杂录·鼓吹部》：“哀笳，以羊骨为管而无孔，惟恤礼用之。今鼓吹备而不用，以觱篥代之。卤簿与熊罴十二案工员尚存焉。”
Look at the history of Chinese jewelry and cultural development, as early as the mid-Palaeolithic our ancestors on the use of animal teeth, shell, bone tubes, ostrich eggshell, stone beads and other ornaments to create strings, till ten thousand years before the turn of the new Paleolithic period, and further selection quartz, jasper, agate, obsidian and other semi-transparent colored material to create a variety of decorations, to the Xia Shang Zhou period, the Chinese men's and women's jewelry category was already very rich, and headgear are hairpin, comb, crown; ear decorated with rings;
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目的：研究骨骺软骨管的形态结构。
Objective: To study morphological structure of cartilage canals of epiphysis .
目的：探讨岬沟及岬骨管在鼓室神经切除术中的意义。
Objective: to detect the significance of promontory groove and promontory canal on tympanic neurectomy.
结果：下颌管是下颌骨的骨松质内形成较薄的骨密质骨管。
Results: mandibular canal was formed by a thin layer of compact bone in spongy bone of mandibular bone.
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