葡萄牙人瓦斯科·达·伽马在15世纪末环绕南非航行至印度，而到1502年的时候跨阿巴拉比的商队路线因政治动乱而被切断。
The Portuguese Vasco da Gama's Voyage around southern Africa to India took place at the end of the fifteenth century, and by 1502 the trans-Abrabian caravan route had been cut off by political unrest.
马莱内等人在18世纪末和19世纪初的三个前沿地区发现了一个可能的解释，这些前沿国家在平原上长期适应了瘦肉饮食。
Malainey et al. find a possible explanation in late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth century accounts from three frontiersmen who had adapted to lean-meat diets during extended periods in the plains.
春秋战国晚期（公元前4世纪）有套有木制胸轧的马的画卷（楚国文物）。
In the late feudal period (4th Century BC) there is pictorial evidence (from the Chinese state of Chu) of a horse with a wooden chest yoke.
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