斯宾塞的领土扩张模式主张国家是随着相互因果的进化而兴起的，这个过程包含了领土扩张和官僚化得同时性。

Spencer's territorial-expansion model argues that states arise through a mutual-causal process involving simultaneous territorial expansion and bureaucratization.

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许多人也许拒绝外国所有者在他们的领土上自由化。

Many may refuse to liberalise foreign ownership on their territory.

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