1．3相关概念 预先指示（Advance Directives），简称（ADS）是指有决定能力的患者对自身将来 丧失表意能力时接受医疗照护而事先做出的～1种合理、合法的安排和指示【2J。
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应本着患者利益最佳化的原则去善待预先指示，包括其消极指示和积极指示，以保护患者本人真实的主观意志。
We should treat advance directives, including negative and positive ones, in the best interests of patients so as to protect patient's real subjective will.
例如，预先设计的指示板和多维数据集帮助医疗人员跟踪手术结果和分析实践管理和临床绩效的基准。
For example, predesigned dashboards and data cubes help staff track surgical outcomes and analyze benchmarks for practice management and clinical performance.
如果发生火灾，迅速赶至预先规定的集合地点。在出现火灾时一定不要使用电梯。听从防火员的指示。
In case of fire, go to pre-determined muster point. Never use an elevator during fire. Follow fire warden's instruction.
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