在很大程度上，格里森反对顶级群落和生物群系的论点用来反驳生态系统同样很有效。
Gleason's arguments against climax and biome are largely valid against ecosystems as well.
演替的最终阶段，也就是克莱门茨和早期生态学家所称的顶级群落，同样是不可预测的，组成也不单一。
The final stage of a succession, called the climax by Clements and early ecologists, is likewise not predictable or of uniform composition.
气候顶级群落：与稳定的气候平衡的植物群落，它代表演替的顶级。
Climatic climax a plant community that is in equilibrium with a stable climate. It represents the of a succession.
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