一些非官方经济学家采用一系列代用指标，证明官方数据甚至低估了实际情况，指出中国经济的实际年增长率为11%至12%。

Some independent economists use a range of proxy indicators to suggest that the official figures understate reality and China is actually growing at 11 or 12 per cent a year.

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具体来说，要实现通货紧缩的日本经济其居民价格指数的年增长维持在0%-2%之间（非官方的目标为1%），零利率的政策才有可能改变。

Until deflationary Japan sees consumer prices rise by between 0% and 2% a year (with an unofficial aim of 1%), the long-standing near-zero policy rate will remain.

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自从非官方公布的经济衰退最低点12个月以来，经济仅增长了3.2%。

In the 12 months since the unofficial nadir of the recession the economy grew just 3.2%.

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