文摘：综述了近几年钌亚乙烯基络合物中间体-碳的亲核反应。亲核试剂包括烯烃、炔烃、 醇、酸、胺、水等。

Abstract : this article reviews recent progress in nucleophilic reactions of the - carbon in vinylidene ruthenium complexes. the nucleophiles include alkene, alkyne, alcohol, acid, amine, water, etc.

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一种液相进样直接燃料电池的阳极催化剂层，其包含铂-钌黑或铂-钯黑 催化剂和在碳基载体上载有铂-钌或铂-钯的铂-钌或铂-钯载体催化剂。

An anode catalyst layer of a direct liquid feed fuel cell includes a Pt-Ru or Pt-Pd black catalyst; and a supported Pt-Ru or Pt-Pd catalyst having Pt-Ru or Pt-Pd supported on a carbon-based support.

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